BETWEEN THE VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS AND THEIR CHEMICAL NATURE, 681 
Bromine and the Alcohols. 
In the following table the observed values of bromine and the alcohols are 
compared with the values calculated from the fundamental constants, which it must 
he remembered have been exclusively deduced from observations on the other liquids. 
Observed. 
Calculated. 
Difference 
per cent. 
Bromine. 
490 
556 
- 13-5 
iletbyl alcohol. 
260 
206 
20-8 
Ethyl alcohol. 
367 
356 
.3-0 
Propyl alcohol. 
449 
606 
- 12-7 
Butyl alcohol. 
570 
656 
- 15-1 
Allyl alcohol. 
434 
455 
- 4-8 
Isopropyl alcohol. 
405 
491 
- 21-2 
Isobutyl alcohol . 
529 
641 
- 21-2 
Inactive amyl alcohol .... 
6 sl 
791 
- 16-1 
Active amyl alcohol .... 
654 
791 
- 20-9 
Trimethyl carhinol .... 
480 
611 
- 27-3 
Dimethyl ethyl carhinol . 
527 
761 
— 44'4 
Bromine .—The calculated number for bromine is deduced from the dibromides. 
It is evident that the value calculated in this way differs considerably from that of 
free bromine. The divergence is much greater than in the case of molecular 
viscosity. 
The Alcohols. 
The results given by the alcohols show that the behaviour of this series of sub¬ 
stances is peculiar at this as at other conditions of comparison. The large differences 
between the calculated and observed values prove that the fundamental constants 
X 
which served for calculating the values of the other substances do not apply in the 
case of the alcohols. The divergences are no doubt to be attributed to the presence 
in the liquid alcohols of molecular aggregates which have a complexity different from 
those of the acids, and in what follows the attempt is first made to ascertain if the 
magnitudes of the numbers given by the alcohols, affected as they are by complexity, 
are related to one another or to the chemical nature of the alcohols. 
Normal Alcohols .—On comparing the values given by the normal prl)nary alcohols, 
the effect of CHg still appears to be constant, but instead of being 150, as in the 
case of other homologous series, is now reduced to 104. The comparison of the 
observed and calculated values using CHg = 104 is given in the following table, the 
value of methyl alcohol being taken as the starting point of the calculated numbers :—■ 
MDCCCXCIV.—A. 4 s 
