G84 
MESSRS. T. E. THORPE AXD J. W. RODGER ON THE RELATIONS 
obtained from the normal primary alcohols for CH3 and H . . . OH, no allowance being 
made for the branching of the atomic chain, &c. 
i]cl? (ob.served). 
i]d^ (calculated). Difference. 
Isopropyl alcoliol. 
40.5 
468 - 6.3 
Isobutyl alcohol. 
,529 
572 - 43 
Tertiary butyl alcohol 
480 
572 - 92 
Inactive amyl alcoliol 
681 
676 0 
Active amyl alcohol .... 
6.54 
676 - 22 
Dimethyl ethyl carbinol . 
527 
676 -149 
If the alcohols be now arranged in the order of the divergences from the calculated 
values, on writing out their formulae at length and so arranging that the HO group is 
placed at the end of each formula, there is at once an obvious relation between the 
constitution and the maomitude of the divero’ences. 
O o 
Divergence. 
Formula. 
Inactive amyl alcohol . 
+ 5 
CH 3 . 
>CH.CH...CH.,OH 
CH./ 
0 
Active amyl alcohol. 
— 22 
CHs.CH,. 
>CH.C1H0H 
CH/ 
Isobutyl alcohol .... 
- 43 
CH3. 
>CH,,.CHOH 
CH 3 / 
Isopropyl alcohol 
- 63 
CH 3 . 
>CHOH 
Cll./ 
Trimethyl carbinol . 
- 92 
CH 3 \ 
CH../COH 
CH/ 
Dimethyl ethyl carbinol 
-149 
CHaX 
CH../COH 
CH 3 CH/ 
In alcohols with two branches in the chain the more nearly the branching takes 
])lace to the HO group, or the nearer the rest of the molecule is to the HO group the 
larger is the divergence. If there are three branches in the chain the divergence is 
greater than if only two branchings occur, and is also greater the higher the 
molecular weight of the alcohol. The divergence of the value for an alcohol with a 
branched chain from that of the corresponding straight chain compound is thus a 
function of the proximity of the rest of the molecule to the HO group. In the case 
