betweej^ the viscosity of liquids and their chemical nature. G85 
of inactive amyl alcohol, the branching takes place so far from the HO group that it 
gives practically the value of a straight chain alcohol. 
The same result is apparent on comparing the deviations from the calculated vudues 
of the isomeric alcohols. 
Divergence. 
Formula. 
Propjl alcohol. 
- 19 
CH 3 CH 0 CH 3 OH 
Isopropyl alcohol.... 
— 63 
CH 3 . 
>CHOH 
CH 3 / 
Butyl alcohol. 
- 2 
CH 3 CH 0 CH.CH.UH 
Isubutyl alcohol .... 
- 43 
CH 3 . 
>CHCH.OH 
CU/ 
Trimethyl caihinol . 
- 02 
CH 3 \ 
CH 3 -QCOH 
chV 
Inactive amyl alcohol 
5 
CH 3 . 1 
>CH..CHCH.,OH ! 
CH./ “ 
Active amyl alcohol . 
_ 22 
CIIgCH,.. 
yCHCH.OH 1 
CH 3 / ' j 
Dimethyl ethyl carhinol 
-149 
CH..CH.,\ i 
' ch'^coh 
ck/ I 
j 
The divergence is least in the case of the primary alcohols and is less for a 
secondary than for a tertiary alcohol. Of isomeric primary alcohols the one in 
which the branching of the chain occurs nearest to the hydroxyl group exhibits the 
largest deviation. Only one secondary alcohol occurs in the table, but of the two 
tertiary alcohols the one of higher molecular weight has the larger deviation. 
The values given by the alcohols although at first sight apparently anomalous 
are thus seen to be subject to regularity ; moreover they indicate most clearly that 
to the presence and relationships of the (HO) group in the fundamental molecule are 
to be ascribed the apparent discrepancies. 
Now it has already been indicated that the slope of the alcohol curves and indeed 
the whole general behaviour of the alcohols point to the presence of molecular 
aggregates in these liquids. It has also been stated that those liquids, which from 
various independent considerations give the most marked indication of containing such 
aggregates, are hydroxyl compounds. Hence it is most probable tliat the anomalous 
values .for the viscosity magnitudes exhibited by the alcohols, more especially since 
they can be connected with the presence of HO, are the result of the presence of 
