FLAME SPECTKA AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. 1077 
Plate 10 . Dowlais. April 6th, 1893, 
The same pig iron blown for tin-plate metal as before. 
“ Blow ” commenced at 12.45 p.m. 
“ Blow ” interrupted at 12.49 ,, 
Blowing re-commenced at 12.55 p.m. 
h. 
m. 
s. 
h. 
m. 
s. 
1st exposure 
at ... . 
.... 12 
50 
30 
to 
12 
59 
30 
2nd 
55 .... 
.... 12 
59 
30 
55 
1 
0 
30 
3rd 
55 .... 
.... 1 
0 
30 
55 
1 
1 
30 
4 th „ 
55 .... 
.... 1 
1 
30 
55 
1 
2 
30 
5th 
55 .... 
.... 1 
2 
30 
55 
1 
3 
30 
6 th ,, 
55 .... 
.... 1 
3 
30 
55 
1 
4 
30 
7th 
55 .... 
.... 1 
4 
30 
55 
1 
5 
30 
8th „ 
55 .... 
.... 1 
6 
30 
55 
1 
6 
30 
9th ,, 
55 .... 
.... 1 
6 
30 
55 
1 
7 
30 
10th „ 
55 .... 
.... 1 
7 
30 
55 
1 
8 
30 
11th 
55 .... 
.... 1 
8 
30 
55 
1 
9 
0 
The first and last spectra are exceedingly feeble, showing scarcely any spectrum. It 
is true that No. 11 received an exposure of only half a minute, as against one minute 
for all others, but this would not account for the very feeble spectrum as compared 
with the very strong one of No. 10, and the much stronger No. 9. 
It is evident that the manganese bands are disappearing and the iron lines are 
becoming more prominent. As soon as all the carbon is burnt the temperature must 
fall very rapidly, because the principal combustible left is the iron, and its heat 
of combustion is comparatively low ; the high temperature of the metal would there¬ 
fore not be long maintained, and the blast would very soon, under these conditions, 
cool the metal, so as to solidify it, as we know is really the case when “ skulls ” 
are formed. 
The metallic vapour within the converter, as soon as the atmosphere ceased to be 
composed of carbonic oxide in excess, would be converted into oxides and produce 
fume. 
Greinee has described the manufacture and uses of a Bessemer steel from pig iron 
containing phosphorus and a lai-ge quantity of manganese."^ 
The following figures show the composition of the pig iron used and the steel 
obtained from it at Zwickau, 
* ‘Revue Universelle,’ vol. .36, p. 623, 1874. ‘Dingler’s Polytech. Journ.,’ vol. 217, p. 33, 1875, and 
‘ Journ. Chem. Soc.,’ vol. 1, p. 454, 1876. 
