FLAJME SPECTRA AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. 
1091 
manganese. There can be no doubt that, in blowing ha3inatiie pig, the spectra of 
manganese and iron may be caused by the volatilization of these elements from the 
slag. 
11. The complete termination of the “fining stage” is clearly indicated, but there 
is no indication by the flame of the composition of the metal within the converter at 
any previous stage. 
As the progress of the “ blow” is governed by the composition of the metal and its 
temperature in the converter, and as these cannot be controlled with perfect exactitude 
during each “ blow,” it follows that the j^ractice of complete decarburization is the 
best course to pursue, the required amount of carbon and manganese being added 
subsequently. 
I desire to record an expression of my thanks to Mr. F. W. Webb, of the Crewe 
Works, and Mr. E. P. Martin, of Dowlais, for the facilities they have afforded me in 
making these observations; to the Government Grant Committee, for the means of 
carrying out this investigation; and to Mr. Hugh Pamage, my assistant, for the 
care he has exercised in carrying out my instructions, in executing the photographs 
and measuring some of the spectra. 
I propose to pursue the work in another direction, by extending a series of obser¬ 
vations to the basic Bessemer “ blow,” the blast-furnace, and various forms of 
Siemens steel furnaces. 
G z 2 
