SOUFRIERE, AND ON A VISIT TO MONTAGNE PELEE, IN 1902. 
865 
remarkable absence of folding, contortion, crushing and faulting. Small faults were 
occasionally seen, but very rarely. None of the big masses of lava could be proved to 
be cut by any considerable faults, and the irregularities in their outcrops were to he 
explained by the variation in thickness due to outflow over a rough eroded country 
rather than as a consequence of folding or deformation. In some of the other islands 
evidence of faulting is far more abundant than in St. Vincent, though it may be 
admitted that, except they cut the more persistent lava streams, it might be very 
diflicult to establish the existence of faidts, as the ash beds are so lenticular in 
character and so irregular in their dij^. 
The Morne Garu and Richmond Peak, which stand just south of the Soufriere, are 
the hest examples of highly eroded extinct volcanoes in the whole central mountain 
chain. We lived for several weeks at either Chateanbelair or Georgetown, on opposite 
sides of this mass, and had many opportunities of observing the disposition of its 
rocks, especially as on its north side the bush had been burnt or overthrown during the 
recent eruption. On the west, great lava streams descend by Richmond, Richmond 
Vale, and Chateauhelair to the sea. On the east there are important lavas behind 
Georgetown and at Black Point, with an easterly inclination towards the coast. On 
the north side the dip is northwards, towards the Soufriere (see fig. 2, Plate 29), and 
on the south side of Morne Garu at least many of the lavas have a chp towards the 
south. Hence it appears that the rocks are so disposed as to dip outwards on all 
sides from the centres or summits of these mountains, and this agrees with the 
supposition that they are the remnants of a highly eroded volcano (or less probably 
two adjacent volcanoes), which in its prime was probably of considerably greater 
magnitude than the Soufriere. Few men have ascended to their summits. We 
could find only one who had been there—a black guide, and from what he told us, it 
seemed certain that there are no craters, but that the extreme top is formed by 
sharp knife-edged aretes between deep valleys as is indicated on the map (see 
Plate 39). Even in that case it is likely tliat of all the extinct volcanoes of St. 
Vincent, this was the last to die out. In the deep radial valleys which have been 
carved out of the mass, we find the consequences of its foi'mer conical surface. It 
seems probable that volcanic activity has persisted in the north end of the island long 
after it ceased at the south. 
The Upraised Sea Beaches. 
One of the most marked features of the geography of St. Vincent is the presence 
on the windward side of considerable stretches of comparatively level country, which 
contrast strongly in general character with the highly eroded and deeply sculptured 
uplands. There is no such belt along the leeward shore, and consequently the largest 
and richest estates are to be found on the east side of the island, Avliere also the 
population is most dense. The road from Kingstown to Georgetown, the only 
carriage road in the island, after crossing the ridge behind Kingstown, passes entirely 
