ON THE RUBIES OF BURMA. AND ASSOCIATED MINERALS. 
159 
Mr. G. D. Burgess, Commissioner of the Northern Division of Burma, whom 1 
accompanied from Mandalay to the mines ; the late Mr. Fford, Deputy Commissioner 
of the Mines Tract; Mr. J. P. Carey ; Mr. E. Buch an ax, of the Forest Depart¬ 
ment ; Mr. Penrose, of the Survey of India, who provided me with working maps of 
the district, &c., and Major Hobday, of the same service, who had me supplied 
subsequently with a complete set of maps ; Mr. Bennett, the Inspector of Post 
Offices of Northern Burma; Moung Kyaw Rhine, the Treasury Officer at Mogok ; 
and Lieutenant Anderson, who commanded the Military Police ; Mr. Fowle, the 
Sub-divisional Officer of the Sagyn District; and also Mr. Tiiirkell White, who, on 
my return to Mandalay, was Acting Commissioner for the time being. 
Subsequently, at Simla, when I reported to His Excellency, the Viceroy of India, 
the Earl of Ava, I was received with great kindness, and was much indebted to 
Sir Edward Buck and Mr. W. N. Lawrence, of the Revenue Department, for 
assistance and kind attention. C. B. B. 
III. Physical Features of the Ruby Mines District. 
From Thebayetkin on the Irrawaddy river, 600 feet above the sea, the starting- 
point for the ruby mines, the country is composed of a hilly tract which increases 
gradually in altitude until Wapudoung is reached at a height of 1700 feet. Then 
commences the great group of mountain ranges of that region, trending irregularly in 
an easterly direction to Mogok, and extending for a considerable distance in the Shan 
State of Momeit beyond. From the great main ranges, long spurs descend more or 
less steeply to the plain of the Irrawaddy on the north, and to the hilly grounds and 
valley of the Mobaychoung on the south. Amongst these mountains are numerous 
streams which have cut out gorges and valleys in various directions. 
The greatest elevation of the mass to the westward of the Kin-choung river, which 
flows past Kinua (Kinyua)* at 2200 feet above sea level, is about 3500 feet, while, 
to the eastward, in the neighbourhood of Mogok, the highest points it attains are at 
Toungnee-taung (Taungme) and Cheni-taung, which are respectively 7775 feet and 
7362 feet above sea level. 
From the Irrawaddy to the head of the Kyatpyen (Kyaukpin-meu-ma) all the 
country is covered with forest, but eastward of that point the extensive valleys of 
Kyatpyen, Kathay (Rathe), Mogok, and Injauk (Ingyauk), and a great portion of 
the mountain sides bordering them, are clothed with grass, dotted here and there with 
small trees and shrubs, with groves in places. 
The principal rivers and streams traversing these mountains are the Mogok-choung, 
with its affluents the Yense and Yahoo ; the Avoo ; Kyoukwa ; Nammi; Injauk ; and 
the Kinchoung. 
The Mogok-choung flows in a southerly direction for a considerable distance and 
* Thus on map of India Survey. 
