26 
Records of the Geological Harvey of India. 
[VOL. 
With reference to the clays at Maleri, in which were obtained teeth of the fish 
Ceratodus, and remains of the reptiles Parasuohus and H'ljperodapedon, the Itial 
limestones, and consequently the Kota limestones are higher in the series. To this 
circumstance I attach no stronger significance than that of local supei’-position, 
for clays and sandstones similar to those below the limestones occur above them, 
and the evidence appears to me insufficient to justify the separation’ of the red 
clays and sand.stonea of Maleri from the red clays and sandstones above the Kota 
limestones. The circumstance, that hitherto none of the Kota fish have been found 
at Maleri and none of the Maleri forms at Kota, may be said to be suggestive of 
separation ; and as the relative position, in which the organic remains occur, is in 
accord with the experience of European research {Paramclms, &c., occurring in 
older strata than Lepidotus, &c.), there is an additional reason for suspecting a 
break in the deposition of the Kota-Maleri group. Considering, however, how 
limited have been our efforts in search of organic remains, it is premature to 
give much force to the negative evidence that lies before us on this point; and 
T cannot see how European analogy affects in a decisive manner the grouping 
of beds in India that are identical in composition and appearance, and amongst 
which no unconformity in its strict meaning occurs. It may be that the com¬ 
ponent strata of the Kota-Maleri group, being fluviatile formations, there was 
changing distribution of deposits, giving rise to irregular beds,—as, for instance, 
the very clays and limestones that we have been alluding to; but this is quite 
in accord with the known character of deposits formed under the conditions 
supposed to have then existed in the Kota-Maleri area, and is no proof of un¬ 
conformity. 
In the Maleri clays, the fossil remains most commonly found are those of 
Hyperodapedon and ParasueJms. I have succeeded in extending the area of their 
occurrence over a large portion of the Kota-Maleri country. One of the localities 
where they are found is Agrezpali, 4 miles south and a little west of Chinur^ 
in clays which are high in the series, and presumably much higher than the 
Kota limestone horizon. But on this point I cannot insist, as owing either to the 
imperfection of the sections in the Godavari and its valley, or to the absence of 
the limestone band in this direction, I failed to get direct evidence of the position 
of the clays relative to the limestone. 
Though this failure is to be regretted, the probability is suggested that 
amongst the clays above the Kota limestone similar reptilian remains to those met 
with in the Maleri clays may be found. Should this likelihood be converted into 
reality, the objection that may be founded upon the pi’esent evidence and Euro¬ 
pean analogy to the incorporation of the clays, &c., above and below the Kota 
limestones in one group would be removed. 
The higher portion of the Kota-Maleri group is not so characterised by clays 
as the lower. It is chiefly made up of sandstones, the most typical of which are 
coarse and loosely compacted .sandstones of various colours, with broken runs of 
buff and pink shale fragments through them, rusty-brown and grey sandstones 
containing pebbles, and yellowish-grey sandstones, varying in texture, with dark 
stains of peroxide of iron, and sub-angular pieces of yellow opaque quartz scattered 
through the rock. 
