30 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[voL. XI. 
Tlie main development of the Chikiala group is in the Pranhita region; but 
overlying the Kota-Maleris near Balanpur is a small thickness of rocks that I 
would include as members of the Chikiala series. The discovery of coal of 
jurassic habit is the chief element of distinction; otherwise, I should scarcely 
have felt "warranted in limiting the Kota-Maleri upper boundary at any bed 
but that in contact vsdth the intertrappeans or trap. The coal occurs in m-egular 
strings, in a clay shale, of which 5 feet are exposed. Above, is yellow, soft 
sandstone, obliquely laminated at the top, and containing fragmentary carbon- 
■accous markings. The upward section for a short distance is obscured, and 
then intertrappean and trap beds follow. 
It is only in this one locality that I have ventured to map beds of a higher 
horizon than Kota-Maleris beyond the limit of the Pranhita valley, but in two 
instances, along the southern side of the Jangaon riv^er valley between Chirakunt 
and Belgaon, I noticed a sandstone with ferruginous concretions that would have 
passed muster as a Chikiala sandstone, I am simply following Mr. King’s lead in 
placing the rocks at Chikiala as a group distinct from the Kota-Maleris. 
Notes on the Geology of Kashmie, Kishtwae and Pangi, ly B. Lydbkkee, B.A., 
Geological Survey of India. 
Inteoduction. 
During the past summer I have been engaged in examining the rocks of a 
considerable portion of Kaslimir, and of the valley of the upper Chinab, as far as 
British Lahiil. A gi'eat portion of the area traversed has been entirely new 
ground in a geological jioint of view ; while other parts have been those which 
remained between the various lines of section taken by the late Dr. Stoliezka, 
and by the survey of which these various lines have been brought into connection 
with one another. 
Although I have been able to color in a considerable portion of the map, yet 
the results obtained from the season’s work are not in every instance quite so 
exact as I could have wished, owing to the fact that almost all the strata described^ 
with the marked exception of the carboniferous series, are unfossiliferous. This 
absence of organic remains compels ns, in refeiving the different rock-groups to 
their proper geological horizons, to depend on purely stratigrajihical evidence; and 
in some cases this ' kind of evidence is but uncertain. It must, therefore, be 
clearly understood that probability plays a certain part in the cori’elation of some 
of the disconnected rock-groups. 
It may, perhaps, here not be out of place to call attention to the extraordinary 
absence of fossil remains in so many of the Himalayan formations. This absence 
is equally noticeable in the silm’ian slates of the Pir Panjal and Kashmir, in the 
equivalent slates and limestones of Pangi, and in the older Tertiary deposits of 
the outer hiUs. In the still older gneissoid and micaceous rocks, traces of fossils 
might have been expected to have been, to a great extent, obliterated by subsequent 
metamorphic action; but even among these older metamorphic rocks there are 
