36 
[vOL, XI. 
B£cords of the Geological Survey of India. 
According to this view, the massive trap and trap-like rocks of the Sind 
valley are only amplifications of the thin-bedded trap of the Pir Panjal, and both 
are the equivalents in time of the simple slates which in many other places 
underlie the carboniferous limestone. This identification of the two trappoid 
rocks is, of course, independent of any theory as to their origin. 
In many other parts of Kashmir and the neighbouring districts trap-like 
rocks are found in greater or less force among the Silurian slates, but never 
extending up into the carboniferous period. It is impossible to indicate all the 
occurrences of those trap-like rocks in a small-scale map, and by means of the 
nocessai’ily imperfect survey which is all that can be attempted in these some¬ 
what difficult regions. Where, however, these rocks occur in considerable force, 
they are indicated by crosses in the slate series; no attempt has, however, 
been made to distinguish between the thin-bedded amygdaloids of the Pir 
Panjal, and the massive gi’eenstone-like rocks of the Lower Sind valley and 
Srinagar. 
The interstratified amygdaloids of the Pir Panjal, taken together with the 
peculiar conglomerate referred to in my previous memoir on that range, alford us 
valuable aids in recognising those rocks in other districts. These amygdaloids 
are most abundant on the outer sides of the Pir Panjal range, and in the neigh¬ 
bouring parts of Kashmir also extend into the Ward wan valley and into Kisht- 
war, where, however, they are in much less force, the slates and sandstones there 
predominating. 
Specimens of these varieties of the trappoid rocks of Manasbal near the 
Lower Sind valley have been forwarded to Colonel McMahon, who has made 
sections of them for microscopic examination, some of which, together with his 
notes, he has kindly sent to the Indian Museum; it is from these notes that the 
following ohservations have been compiled. The specimens sent comprised a 
finely porphj'ritie rock, which will be designated as A ; a compact rock, which, 
we will call B ; and an amygdaloid, which wo will call C. 
Colonel McMahon considers that A is undoubtedly igneous. Crystals of 
white felspar occur abundantly in this rock, having their axes turned in all 
directions, in a manner which is very characteristic of trap-rocks. Since its 
igneous liquefaction, this rock ha.s been altered by aqueous metamorphism; this 
is rendered evident by treating the rook in the matrass, when on the application of 
a moderate heat (very far shoit of a red-heat) it readily gives off water. When 
thus treated this rock also gives off an acid vapour; it also answers to the silver 
test for sulphides, and therefore probably contains iron-sulphido, though crystals 
of this mineral (pp-ite) were not satisfactorily obscrviible under the microscope. 
The other results of the metamorphism which has taken place subsequently to the 
cooling down of the rock are clearly visible. Masses of green chlorite are very 
prominent here and there, while the felspar crystals, which seem originally to 
have been pure tii clinic prisms, are now clouded with flocculent, cliloritic matter, 
w'hich h<is impaired thoir pristine translucency; even now, however, under the 
polariscope, polychroic tints are here and there distinctly displayed. The cloud¬ 
ing of the felspar ciystals due to metamorphism has nearly obliterated all traces 
of the twin-crystals of the triclinic system, but portions of these seem to be still 
