38 Records of the Geological Survey of India. [voi.. xi. 
upper Lidar valley, are intermediate in chai’acter between those of Manasbal 
and those of the Pir Panjal. 
We may now continue our survey of the Panjal series, which, in my already- 
quoted piaper of that region, we had traced across the range to Baramiila. 
Travelling along the foot of the north side of the range from the latter place 
towards the east, we find that the rocks consist of blackish slates, with a few 
bands of white quartzite, and others of little altered green or greyish sandstones. 
Further to the south-east, near the village of Poshgar, the amygdaloidal 
traps intei'stratified with slates are in considerable force; these rocks have 
a south-westerly dip and the normal north-westerly strike which prevails 
along the whole of this side of Kashmir ; the south-westerly dip continues along 
the range as far as the town of Kulgam ; a little to the east of this place, near 
the village of Gundpvira, we come upon a north-easterly dip, which is the 
continuation of the anticlinal and synclinal axes which were noticed in my 
previous pajrer as occnn'ing to the south-west of the Banihal pass, and which 
cross the range into Kashmir at its bend to the west of the pass. 
Throughout the above-mentioned area the Panjals maintain their normal cha¬ 
racter, consisting of slates and amj'gdaloids with some sandstones; the amyg- 
daloids are, however, less prevalent to the eastward than in the centre of the 
range. The matrix of these amygdaloids is nearly always of a compact texture, 
and green in color: the amygdala are generally greenish-white in color, but are 
sometimes green, of a darkoi' hue than that of the matrix; the amygdala are 
too hard to be scratched by the knife, and in places undoubtedly pass into nodules 
of chalcedony. Near the village of Gundpura the amygdala are generally quartz- 
itic or chalcedonic in character; the.se are usually pear-shaped, and often as 
much as three inches in diameter. 
In the bed of the i-iver flowing from Gulmarg, as also in the Yechari, and 
other streams, pebbles of gneiss, similar to that found to the south of the Banihal 
pass, are of common occurrence ; this affords us proof that the same band of gneiss 
extends along the Pir Panjal range to the westward of the latter place, although 
T have not yet had an opportunity of tracing its boundaries. 
1 have already mentioned, in my previous paper, the occurrence of a band of 
conglomerate on the south side of the Panjal range. In a section taken by 
Mr. Theobald across the Mohun pass, this band was found in situ ; it occurs at a 
considerable distance above the gneiss, apparently somewhere near the middle 
of the Panjal group.' 
Taking now a section across the Pir Panjal pass to the outer hills, we find 
the following series of rocks. A little above the village of Hirpiir we leave the 
sandstones and conglomerates of the lower Karewah series, and come upon a 
series of green rocks with very indistinct stratification; some of these rooks are 
amygdaloidal, and from their resemblance to the upper amygdaloidal trap of the 
‘ I may here mention that Professor Leith-Atlams, at page 214 of his “ Wanderings of a 
Naturalist in India,” speaks of the finding by a native shikari of an ammonite near the village 
of Tortiana on the Panjal. I cannot but think that this specimen was not authentic, as we have 
very good reason to believe that the whole of the Panjal rocks are palieozoic. The specimen was 
probably derived from the triassic rocks of the opposite side of the valley of Kashmir. 
