49 
PART 1.] Jjyilekker: Geology of Kashmir, KisJdwar, and Pangi. 
fore, to be wondered at if some of Dr. Stoliczka’s conjectural correlations of 
t'lese rocks require certain modification at our hands. 
In Dr. Stoliczka’s Memoir, the triassic age of the Thajwaz limestones was 
proved by the occurrence of a characteristic ammonite; it appears, however, 
that the Shalian ridge of trap and probably silurian slates was not noticed, but 
that the Thajwaz limestone was supposed to rest directly on the massive limestone 
of Gaggangan; the slates underlying the latter were STipposed to be of car¬ 
boniferous age—a supposition which is in part quite likely to be correct, though 
the lower slates are silurian. The massive chloritic rocks, supposed to be of 
Silurian age, seem to be in part at least the above-mentioned trap rocks, which 
we also have referred to the upper silurian series; the gneiss and limestones 
below Marmar are not noticed. 
Commencing our survey of the rocks around the Wular lake, we find that 
trap forms the greater part of the rocks as far as the Bndkool river, masses 
of carboniferous limestone, however, occurring along the borders of the lake, 
notably at Sadykut, Matipur, and on the left bank of the Budkool river. The 
limestones usually have a north-easterly strike. 
To the noi'th of the Wular lake, the ti-ap-like rocks extend to a little beyond 
Kahati station, where they are overlaid by black, green and grey silurian slates, and 
green and buff sandstones, with an east-north-east strike, and north-westerly dip ; 
on the supposition that the trap-like rocks are the highest Silurians, this must be a 
case of inversion. 
These slates and sandstones form the mountains surrounding and jutting into 
the Lolab valley; at Trigumma the green slates with a westerly dip are over¬ 
laid by massive blue carboniferous limestone, which forms the spur to the north¬ 
west of the latter place : a synclinal axis runs along this spur, and the limestones 
to the westward are again underlaid by slates: the lower beds of the former 
alternate on this side with beds of green slate. 
The position of the Lolab slates, beneath the carboniferous limestone, shows 
that the former are of silurian age, and correspond with the slates of the Pir 
Panjal. 
To the west of Shalura we have various colored slates, white and green 
quartzitic sandstones, and amygdaloidal traps, all of which, I believe, are inter- 
stratified with the sedimentary rocks, and which must therefore belong to the 
silurian series. The sandstones and slates to the west of the Trigumma lime¬ 
stone are much more altered than those to the east, owing to the presence of the 
traps in the one area, and their absence in the other. To the south of Shalura 
the silurian slates can be traced along the northem flank of the Kaj-Nag range 
to Baramula, from whence we have already traced them along the Pir Panjal. 
This section, therefore, again jiroves the identity of the slate series of the two 
sides of Kashmir, and also their silurian age. 
IV.— Section from Kashmir to Maeu-Wabdwan and thence to Kishtwae. 
Starting from the town of Sagam, we leave the semi-ellipse of the carboni¬ 
ferous limestone at the village of Panzgam or Panzgama, and again come on the 
slates and amygdaloids of the Panjal series, which we have already traced along' 
