56 
necords of the Geological Survey of India. 
[voL. XI. 
bands of gneiss in the slates and further up upon massive granitoid gneiss. The 
boundary between the Pangi slates and the gneiss must here be considered 
somewhat arbitrary: it is drawn near the first gneiss band. 
To the south-eastward of Chirpat in the same valley there occurs a large 
irregular mass of granitoid gneiss which extends nearly to the missionary station 
of Railing, on the Bagha river, although it does not anywhere touch that river: 
the exact relations of this mass of gneiss to the Pangi slates is a good deal con¬ 
cealed by permanent ice end snow ; it appeared, however, to underlie them, and 
may doubtless be considered as an outlier of the same gneiss found in mass to 
the north-eastward. 
From the above description it will be apparent that the Pangi slate group 
forms an irregular ellipsoidal mass resting on a basin of gneiss and other meta- 
morphic rocks. 
We have now traced the same series of gneiss and other metamorphic rocks 
down the Wardwan valley and along the southern side of the greater part of the 
snowy range which sepai'ates the valley of the Chinab from Zanskar, and we have 
already taken several cross sections in various parts of this range, by which we 
were led to conclude that the same gneiss extended to its summit, between Atiili 
and Zanskar; more to the oast we find from Dr. Stoliezka’s notes that on the 
Chandra, the gneissic rocks are not more than a few miles in width and are over¬ 
laid by presumably silurian slates. 
It now remains to consider for a moment the rocks forming this Zanskar (or, 
as Dr. Stoliezka calls it, Baralatse) range, more to the north-west in the Siirii 
district. Now, at page 347 of “ Geological Observations in Western Tibet” 
Dr. Stoliezka observes— 
“The metamorphic rocks of the Baralatse range, south of Suroo (Siiru), 
extend to the north of this place with an unchanged mineralogical character up 
to the village Zangra. Here they carry a large proportion of hornblende, and 
overlie a mass of gneiss in a dome-shaped bedding. The gneiss, which is very 
well exposed near the old fort, Carjio-khar, consists of a great quantity of 
white quartz, orthoclase and muscovite; biotite being rather subordinate. On 
the northern side it is overlaid by a similar hornblendic schist, which gradually 
changes into talcose and chloritio schists, these being themselves followed towards 
the north by micaceous schists. Prom Sankoo to Saleskoot tough chloritio and 
quartzitic sandstones prevail, and to the north of the last-named place they are 
in contact with syenitic rocks.” 
From this it would appear that the Zanskar (Baralatse) range at this point 
consists of a core of gneiss, overlaid by less altered metamorphic rocks, and the 
latter again by the above-mentioned hornblendic rocks, which probably sweep 
round to the north of Suru, and sepai’ate the metamorphic rocks from the 
possibly eruptive syenitic rocks to the north. 
At page 348 of the same Memoir, Dr. Stoliezka, in speaking of the hornblendic 
rooks of Sankoo, considers these rocks to be Silurians; at page 351 he again 
remarks that “the gmeiss of the prolonged chain, south of Padam and Suroo 
(Siiru), is the same as the central gneiss, only devoid of the albite granite veins.” 
In the map I have accordingly assumed that the whole of the metamorphic rock 
