PART 1.] Lydekker: Geoloy// of Kashmir, Kishtwar, and Pangi. 
63 
The assumption of the carboniferous age of the Kiol group leads to another 
modification of the views expressed in my previous memoir. It was there 
suggested that the groat limestone inliers of the Jamu hills were the equivalent 
of the carboniferous limestone of Kashmir, and were consequently distinct from 
the Kiol and Krol groups. 
I now, however, think it probable that the thi-eo groups belong to the same 
period ; the greater prevalence of pure massive limestone in the Jamii hills 
than along the foot of the Pir Panjal is not greater than in the carboniferous rocks 
of the valley of Kashmir, over those of Bishmakam ; while in one portion of 
the Kiol series, to the north of Punch, the strata are almost entirely limestone. 
The above propositions being accepted, it will bo evident that the Blini series 
is represented in the upper part of the Panjal series, below the Kiol group. 
According to the above views, the following table will represent the equi¬ 
valent rock-groups in the Simla and Kashmir Himalaya. I wish it, however, 
to be most distinctly understood that, although the relationships inter se of the 
various rock-groups in the two areas are, with a few exceptions, pretty accurately 
determined, yet that the correlations of those of one area with those of the other 
can only bo mewed in the light of a probable hypothesis, and not as a fixed fact. 
Approximate classifioalion of roclc-groups in the Western Himalayas, 
KAsn,M:iE TERBitOBiiiS AND LAinjL. East or Kashmie. Age. 
( Sandstones and slates of Zoji-la and t 
* \ Paiijtarni. 
ibilai 
/'Upper limestones and dolomites of V Lilang series. 
b < Amrnath, Sunamarg, Maiiasbal and I 
V. Dras river. 
Limestones of West Kashmir. 
Blue limestones of Manasbal. 
Limestones and slates of Marbal I 
pass, Lidar and Upper Sind valleys, f 
Kiol series ( ?). 
Great limestone of Jamu hills (?). 
Upper Panjal slates, shales and trap- 
poid rocks. 
Trappoid rocks of Wnlar lake. 
Ruling series. 
Krol limestone (?). 
infra-Kvol group (?). 
Math scries. 
q Matn scr: 
J Blini seri( 
► Rlimtic and trias. 
> Carboniferous. 
► Upper silmian. 
Lower Panjal slates; lower slates'! 
and trappoid roeks of Kashmir. ( Bhabeh aeries. 
Slates and limestones of Pangi f jjiy/-a.Blini, or Simla slates ( 
Lahul slates, J 
Lower silurian and Cam- 
brian (?). 
Gneiss of Pir Panjal. 
Upper gneiss of Wardwan and ( 
Zanskar range. 
Kulu gneiss. 
' Cambriau. 
Central gneiss of Darcha. 
Lower gneiss of Wardwan and 
Zanskar range, 
Dliaoladhar gneiss. 
I Gneis 
i of Chor mountain | '^’'/''“-silurian, but exact 
( -ago not determined. 
