64 
Records of the Geological Surveg of India. 
[voL. xr. 
It will be seen that in this rough and approximate table a gap occurs in the 
second column between the lower slates and the “central gneiss,” which cannot 
be filled up until the relations of the two in the matter of conformity or uncon¬ 
formity are settled ; if they are unconformable, and the “ central gneiss ” is 
older than the Pir Panjal gneiss, it may then not be improbable that some part 
of the Simla slates may be the equivalent of the Pir Panjal gneiss. 
Since the above was written I have seen the able paper of Colonel McMahon 
on the Simla Himalayas.^ The author is there of opinion that the Simla slates 
and other non-crystalKne series are certainly newer than the ciystalline series ; he 
also thinks that the hypothesis of inversion mil not explain the case, but that 
there was an original unconformity between the two series; the slates having 
been deposited on a denuded surface of gneiss. In the Pir Panjal and in Pangi, 
I think the latter explanation cannot be adopted, as there is a passage between 
the crystalline and non-crystal line series. If original unconformity exists in 
the Simla region, it would tend to confirm my suggestion that there exists gneiss 
belonging to two periods in these regions; the Simla or “ central” gneiss being 
older and unconformable to the slates, Avhile the gneiss of the Pir Panjal is con¬ 
formable to the slates, and has been metamorphosed out of their lower beds, and 
may consequently be in part the equivalent of the lower Simla slates. 
It will require another season’s work to trace the relations of the triassic 
rocks of the Zoji-la to the gneiss of Siirii and the Zanskar range, and also, as 
I have previously said, to trace the former rocks in the opposite direction into the 
Tilail or Kishenganga valley. 
Notices of Siwalik Mammals, by R. Lydekkee, B.A., Geological Survey of India. 
The Indian Museum has again been enriched by a large collection of verte¬ 
brate fossil remains obtained from the Siwalik series of Sind and the Punjab, 
by Messrs. Blanford, Fedden, and Theobald, and their native assistants. Many 
of these fossils are, of course, merely duplicates of previously acquired specimens, 
while others belong either to new genera or species, or illustrate more fully other 
species whose existence has hitherto been only slightly indicated to us by the 
evidence of a few fragments of bone, or isolated teeth. 
In the present paper I shall shortly notice a considerable number of the more 
interesting of these specimens, resei’ving for a future opportunity the figuring, 
and more detailed description, of the specimens, in the hope that I may then have 
still more materials to work upon. 
Before proceeding further, it may be well to notice certain conclusions which I 
have lately arrived at respecting the distribution in time of some of the fossils. 
It may, I think, be now stated with considerable probability, that, as I have 
hinted before, the mammaliferous beds of Sind belong to a somewhat lower 
horizon than that which yields the majority of the fossils in other areas. These 
mammaliferous Sind beds (Manchhar) overlie the Gaj beds, which seem to be 
upper miocene, and cannot therefore te much older than the lower pliocene, or 
* Kcc. Gcol. Surv. liid., Vol. X, p. liOl. 
