PART 1.] 
LydekJcer : Notices of Siwalik Mammals. 
83 
dimensions of a mandible of H. sivalensis (a), and one of the smaller specimens 
(b)- 
Length of three true molars 
a. 
. 3 02 
b. 
2-30 
„ of first molar 
. 0'55 
0'45 
Width of „ 
. 052 
0-40 
Length of second „ 
. 0 80 
0-70 
Width of „ „ 
. 0'75 
0-48 
Length of third „ 
. 1-71 
1-20 
Width of „ „ 
. o-so 
0-55 
It will be seen from the above measurements of the teeth of the two jaws that 
those of the smaller jaw are proportionally narrower than those of the larger. 
BUMINANTIA. 
Camelopardalis and Hydaspitheritjm.' 
Among the large collection of specimens obtained by Mr. Theobald, during 
his last season’s work in the Siwaliks, there occur a considerable number of both 
upper and lower teeth of various species of Giraffe-like animals, some of which 
belong to new species, and possibly to new genera, while othei’s illustrate more 
completely the dentition and affinities of previously known species. 
A certain amount of difficulty occurs in referring all these stjecimens to their 
respective species, since it is in several cases not easy to say wffiether certain 
lower molars should be refeired to the same species as certain uppier molars: or, 
again, whether certain lower molars which cannot be referred to the same species 
as any of the upper molars, should be referred to the same oi' to a different genus. 
It will therefore be understood that in regard to the lower molars, some of the 
determinations are only provisional. 
The discoveries of new Giraffoid animals in the Sub-Himalayan Siwaliks are 
gradually bringing to light a group of animals of whose existence scarcely any¬ 
thing is knowm in other parts of the world. At the present time there exists of 
this group only the one Giraffe of Africa, which stands out alone and isolated 
from all other living Ruminants, and is evidently the last specialized .survivor of 
a lost group. In the miocene of Attica and in the Siwaliks fossil species of this 
genus occur; and in the former depo.sit8 there also occur the remains of the 
Helladotlierium, which is the only other European member of the group. 
In Asia, we now know of the former existence of at least four gencr.a, namely, 
Sivatlierium, Bramatlieriwm, HydaspitJ.efiHm, and Vislinutherimn. Of the third of 
these genera we now know of the existence of three species (unlc.ss one belongs 
to a new genus), one of which is intermediate in the form of the mandible 
between the Sivatherium on the one hand, and the Girkffe on the other. 
It is, of course, much to be regretted that some of the sjiecies to be noticed 
here are only known by fragments of their jaws and teeth, so that we can only 
^ Originally wrongly named HydaspidotJierium, 
