PART 1.] 
LijdcM'er: Noticex of Siwnlik Mavvmah. 
97 
In addition to these ujiper molar teeth Mr. Theobald has sent down the 
symphysis and part of one ramus of a mandible of a species of Ehinoceros, which 
was found with the upper molars, and which I have no doubt from its size 
belongs to the same species. Before going further, it may be well to remind the 
reader that the mandibles of three species of Siwalik Ehinoceros are figured in 
the “ Fauna Antiejua Sivalensis,” and were referred by Falconer to his three 
.species E. sivalensis, E. jialcerndicus ami E. platiirJn'nus ; I do not know on what 
grounds the lower jaws were refej-rod to their respective species, which were founded 
upon crania; there is, however, no doubt but that these three jaws belonged to the 
tliree above-mentioned species, irrespective of the question of as.signing each to 
each. Now, these throe kinds of mandibles all differ from the present specimen, 
and there is, therefore, every presumpttion in favor of the Punjab lower jaw having 
belonged to the Punjab E. planidens. 
The portion of the lower jaw in question consists of the symphysis, and a 
part of the right ramus containing the three last premolars and the first true 
molar; on either side of the symphysis there is a single huge incisor, that of the 
right side being broken off near its summit, and that of the left at the summit of 
the alveolus; there are no inner incisor.s. The .single incisor has a flattened surface 
superiorly, looking upw^ards and inwards, while the inferior and external surfaces 
are rounded, the tooth is strongly curved upwards, and extends above the level 
of the plane of the grinding surfaces of the molars; the jaw is of great vertical 
depth. 
The low^er jaw of E. sivalensis (F. A. S., pi. 74, fig. 6) has no incisors, and 
is therefore quite unlike this specimen. In the lower jaw of B. ylutijrhiniis 
(F. A. S., pi. 75, fig. 10), there are two small inner incisors, as well as larger 
outer incisors; the latter are directed less upwards, and are straighter and smaller 
than those of the present specimen. 
The lower jaw of E. paJmndAms (F. A. S., pi. 74, figs. 3 and 4) agrees with the 
present specimen in having the outer incisors only; the latter are, however, smaller 
and shorter, and are directed very slightly upwards, so that only their extremities 
reach the level of the grinding surface of the molars; and the jaw is shallower 
and the symphysis shorter. 
In the following table I have compared together the dimensions of the present 
specimen, with the corresponding dimensions of the mandible of E. platyrhimis 
and R. palivinclicus ; the latter are taken in part from the description of the plates 
of the “ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, ” and in part from specimens in the Indian 
Museum:— 
Depth of jaw at last prcmolar 
R. plan. 
In. 
4-,5 
/?. p1a.f. 
III. 
R. pal. 
In. 
3-4 
Length of symphjsis 
6-4 
fi-9 
4-.5 
Vertical diameter of outer incisor 
l-S 
07 
1-1 
Transverse „ „ . . . 
2-4 
1-5 
1-3 
Length of incisor (broken in i?. planidens) 
3‘5 
21 
1-9 
„ of three last premolars 
5-1 
3-8 
47 
hi o other Rhinoceros that I have seen has lower incisors at all approaching in size 
to those of the present specimen ; in correlation with these enormous lower incisors 
X 
