PART L] Blanfonl; Palmontological B.elations of the Gondwdna 8i/stem. 117 
that “ there is a great affinity of some of the fossils in the uppermost beds of 
Kach with forms from the South African strata on the Sundays and Zwartkop 
riTers.” He proceeds to show that these South African fossils were at first sup¬ 
posed by Ki’auss to be lower cretaceous ; subsequently they were classed by Bain as 
liassic, and finally by Sharpe and Tate as of the same age as the great oolite of 
England (middle Jurassic), blow, Dr. Feistmantcl has, I think, overlooked some 
later information than that quoted by him. Tate' is the last writer noticed, and 
he, like all previous observers, supposed the upper portion of the TJitenhage forma¬ 
tion, from which the Jurassic fossils described came, to consist of a single group, 
although he noticed® the occurrence of two cretaceous forms, a Hamites and a 
peculiar Crassatella allied to a neocomian species. 
In a paper “ On some Points in South African Geology”® by Mr. G. W. Stow, 
published four years after the appearance of Mr. Tate’s desci'iption of the fossils, 
it was shown that the Jurassic beds belonging to the Uitenhage formation on the 
Zwartkops and Sundays rivers comprised several different groups distinguished 
by their fossils.'* * The most important section is the following on the lower 
Sundays river:— 
POST-TBETIAKY. 
UpPEB JURASSIC— 
1. Few and small Trigonice. 
2. Zone of Trigonia ventricosa and Tr. vau, with Gervillia dentata, dSxoggra 
inihrieata, &c. 
3. Few Samites and wood. 
4. Zone of Modiola (M. Saini) and Samites, Belemnites {B. Afrieanus), Ancylo- 
^ ceras (?), Trigonia Qoldfusi, Crassatella complicata. 
Strata hidden. 
Lower jtteassio—® 
6. Astarte Sersogi, Trigonia Sereogi, Pleuromya lutraria. 
Before proceeding further, it is perhaps as well to notice that, of all the Umia 
species mentioned as having supposed middle or lower Jurassic alfinities, the most 
important is Trigonia ventricosa, because it and another Trigonia, Tr. Srneei, are 
amongst the commonest and most characteristic fossils of the gi'oup, and because 
both forms are also found on the eastern coast of India in beds associated with 
others containing upper Gondwana plant-fossils. Tr. ventricosa too, it should be 
remembered, is closely allied to the Indian middle cretaceous Tr. tuherculifera.^ 
> Q. J. G. S. 1867, Vol. XXIII, pp. 139, 164, 169, &c. 
»1. c., p. 165. 
3 Q, J. G. S. 1871, XXVII, p. 497. 
* See especi.ally 1. c., fig. 3, opposite p. 500. 
® The term ‘lower” is probably merely intended to signify that the beds named are inferior in 
position at the locality. The age of these beds cannot well bo earlier than lower oolitic, which is 
by many geologists classed as middle Jurassic, lias being lower Jurassic. 
® Pal. Ind., Ser. VI, p. 315. In a footnote to the description of this shell, Di’. Stoliczka 
points out that although some of the fossils associated with Tr. ventricosa, and described, together 
with that species, as cretaceous by Krauss, are clearly Jurassic, others appear to have cretaceous 
affinities. Dr. Stoliczka wrote in 1871, before Mr. Stow’s paper appeared. 
