PART 1.] Blanfurd: Palmoniological Relalions of Ikie Gondwana Sj/stem. 127 
myself, and now in the Survey collection, came, I believe, from the same quarry. 
These Bstherice are extremely abundant at the spot, and both the larger and 
smaller forms are foiind in profusion. 
Of course, I do not mean for a moment to assert that Professor Rupert Jones 
is infallible. Ho may be wrong, and Dr. Feistmantel may be right. But consider¬ 
ing that there is scarcely any constant difference in size or form between Pstheria 
minuta var. Brodieana, and the smaller variety of E. Mcmgaliemis, and that the 
only essential distinction appears to be in the microscopical structure of the 
carapace, I am myself disposed to think it moi'o probable that Professor Rupert 
Jones was right in the identification of the small Mangli Estheo-ia, because he 
had studied the whole genus, and figui’cd the vaiious forms with their microscopical 
structure, whilst Dr. Feistmantel had only a few forms for comparison, and has 
omitted all mention of microscopical structure, which, I beheve, he has not 
examined with anything more powerful than a pocket lens. 
The statement that “Mr. Jones considered these beds, for certain reasons, as 
rhrotic” may be compared with the extract from Mr. Jones’ own paper. It is 
true that he suggested that the beds might be triassic or rhtetic, but the state¬ 
ment was never made in the unq-ualified manner in which it is quoted.* Mr. 
Hislop, certainly, in his last letters,^ as quoted by Dr. Feistmantel, expressed an 
opinion that the Mangli beds “ lie above the coal strata, ” and in one sense he was 
right, for the Kamthi beds, to which, as I will show presently, the Mangli beds 
clearly belong, are higher than the Barakars, the coal-bearing group of the 
Central Provinces, biit in the very same sentence he writes of the Korhadi shales, 
which are Talchir beds, and consequently at the base of the whole Gondwaua 
system, being also above the Umret coal (Bai4kar). It is scarcely fair to 
Mr. Hislop, and it is most unfair to Mr. Hughes, to quote the views of the former, 
expressed before any thorough examination of the eountiy had been made, in 
op|)osition to those of Mr. Hughes, who has mapped the whole district closely. 
With regard to BracMops latkeps, Dr. Feistmantel is quite correct in saying 
that Labyrinthodonts occur in the European Keuper, and, he might have added, 
in the rhsetic and jurassic also. The nearest allies of BracMops^ la-e MicrojjJiut.ix 
Stow'd from the Beaufort beds of the Karoo series in South Africa, Bhinosmirus 
JasiJcovii from the Russian oolite and Bothriceps Australis from unknown rocks 
in Australia. The first named is more closely allied than the others, and it occurs 
in the same beds with the Bicynodoniia, Theriodontia and other South African 
fossil reptiles. The connexion is of small value as an indication of age, but 
important as showing the relations of the Indian Gondwana fauna with the 
ancient life of South Africa and Australia. 
> At p. 81 of the monograiih Professor Jones certainly says that he ventures still to regard 
these beds as belonging to the rhajtic formation, but in the table shewing distribution opposite 
p. 114, referring to the species classed as rlnetic, he rvrites, “ The adoption of this stage for the 
ILstherlcE from India and America is merely provisional; they may be triassic. 
^ Q. J, G. S., Vol. XX, 1864, p. 282. 
2 Q. J. G. S., 1859, p. 642,—Uepts. Brit. As. 1874, pp. 150, 160. 
