PART 2.] 
107 
Stanford: On ike Geology of Sind. 
the Khirthar beds. In some cases, it is true, there does appear to be a change of 
species: thus EurJwdia morrisi^ a common Eanikot echinoderm, appears to he 
represented by E. calderi in the Khirthar beds, but still there is much evidence 
of transition, for the lowest Khirthars near Jhirk and Tatta have much the 
character of the Eanikot limestones, and there is a gradual passage from the one 
to the other; so much so indeed, that Mr. Pedden has found it difficult to the 
southward to determine any exact limit between the two, and to map their 
boundaries. 
All the lower portion of the Eanikot group consists of soft sandstones and 
shales, much variegated in colour. The only fossils found are land plants ; many 
of the shales are pyritous, and gypsum is of frequent occurrence. It appears 
highly probable that these beds are of fluviatile origin, and their occurrence 
immediately above the trap may indicate that the latter was of subaerial formation 
in Sind, as elsewhere. 
Ceetaceotjs and lower tertiary beds op Baluchistan. 
In 1875, from the top of the Khirthar range in upper Sind, lower beds were 
seen cropping out west of the British frontier from beneath the Khirthar lime¬ 
stone. At that time, owing to political complications, there was a difidculty in 
visiting any part of Baluchistan; but in 1876-77, this difficulty having been 
removed, I was enabled to examine the sections on the upper Gaj, the only river 
which actually cuts through the Khirthar range. The beds beneath the Khirthar 
limestone at this spot proved to be utterly different from those seen in the same 
relative position in the Laki range. The following is a rough section of the beds 
on the upper Gaj, with their approximate thickness by estimate :— 
Khirthar 
Lower Khir- 
THAH. 
? Ceetaceohs 
f 1. Massive nuinmulitic limestone forming the crest of the Khirthar 
range 
2. Shales, marls, and clays, mostly dark olive in colour and abound- 
J ing in Nummulites 
3. Hard grey limestone with ... 
4. Argillaceous limestone, shales, and clays, olive and bluish grey in 
' colour, abounding in 
5. TJnfossiliferous olive and bluish grey clays and nodular shales; 
no limestone bands 
6. Pale-brown sandstones in thick beds, with traces of vegetables ... 
7. Fine greenish white sandstone and shale, some of which is carbo¬ 
naceous ... ... ... ... ... 
8. Dark-brow'n limestone and dark-green argillaceous beds, with 
HummuUtes 
9. Pale-grey argillaceous limestone, with but few fossils. One band 
towards the base contains Niimmuliles and Alveolince 
'lO. Fine dark-coloured shales, unfossilifei-ous 
'11. Very fine grained homogeneous thin-bedded limestone, white, red, 
grey or ochrey in colour, unfossiliferous, forming a conspicu- 
- ous range of hills 
12. Hard grey shales, with calcareous bands, from an inch or two to 
, a foot in thickness 
1,200 
500 
60 
400 
1.500 
1,000 
500 
100 
200 
3,000 
1,200 
2.500 
12,160 
