PAHT £.] 
Bldnford: On the Geology of Sind. 
TOO 
ness, and farther south it diminishes still further. In the Laki range it is prob¬ 
ably not more than 600 or 600 feet, and towards Jungshahi and Tatta it is 
perhaps even less. Hei’e it rests upon Ranikot beds. But to the westward in 
the Habb valley the Khirthar limestone disappears entirely, and it appears to 
thin out within the space of a very few miles. The Khirthar I’ange is composed 
of the limestone throughout, and terminates to the southward inside the province, 
near a police post called Karchat, about 60 miles south by a little west from 
Sehwan. The southern extremity of the range, like several other ridges, is an 
anticlinal, so that the thickness of the limestone is not seen, but it must be con¬ 
siderable, and can scarcely be less than 500 or 600 feet. About 8 miles west of 
the Khirthar, the top of the ordinary limestone is seen underlying Kari beds, 
but in the next low ridge to the westward, only about 4 miles faidher, the Khir- 
thars are brought up by a fault, and the typical pale-coloured limestone is found 
to be completely wanting, and replaced by dark-coloured grey limestones con¬ 
taining Echinodermata and Nummidites, and interstratified with shales and sand¬ 
stones precisely like those of the Nari group. A few miles faidher west, in the 
Hamlig range, about 25 miles from the Khirthar, not a trace of the massive Khir¬ 
thar limestone could be detected. The locality is beyond the Sind frontier, and the 
examination was so brief, that some fault may have been overlooked, but at this 
spot, and in some other localities ftirther south, the Nai’i sandstones appeared to 
pass downwards gradually into shales and sandstones, wdth some beds of marl 
and dark-coloured argillaceous limestones, containing the typical Khirthar num- 
mulites, N. granulosa and N. ohtusa, &c. These beds precisely resemble some of 
the beds below the Khirthar limestone on the upper Graj. The brown and yellow 
Kari limestones, too, are only faintly represented towards the base of the group 
by thin bands containing Orhitoides papyraceus. 
Nari group. —No alteration is necessary in the general description of this 
group. Throughout the Khirthar range, the whole upper portion, 4,000 or 5,000 
feet thick, consists of sandstones, with a few scattered beds of shale or conglome¬ 
rate, and destitute of fossils, with the excejhion of a few vegetable mai'kings, 
too imperfect for recognition. The lower sub-division of the group varies in 
thickness from 100 or 200 feet to as much as 1,500, and consists of shales and 
thin bands of sandstone, with brown and yellow limestones; the latter chiefly 
developed towards the base, and containing Nummulites garansensis, N. suhlcevi- 
gata, and Orhitoides papyraeetis (or fortisi). 
It has already been mentioned that in the Habb valley, in south-western 
Sind, there is a gradual passage from the upper Khirthar into the Nari beds, 
and there is in the same area an equally evident tendency to a passage between 
the Nari and Gaj groujjs. The Nari group in the Habb valley is probably as 
thick as in the Khirthar range; but although the prevailing rocks are still sand¬ 
stones, brown limestones with Orhitoides papyracetts are found in the middle of the 
group, instead of being confined to the lower portion, whilst the typical limestone 
bands at the base of the group appear to be ill developed. Now, Mr. Fedden 
noticed some time since that bands of limestone, with apparently the same 
Orhitoides, are found in the Gaj group; and in the upper part of the Nari group 
bands of marine fossils occur, containing Gaj species, such as OstreamuUicostata 
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