17S 
Becortls of ihe Geolofuial Survey of India. 
[voi,. xr. 
made up of greenstone, which I traced from the neighbourhood of Bhuwali, 
through Bhim Tal, up to Malwa Tal. According to General Strachey’s geological 
map, a continuation of the same outburst extends northwards up to Bhujan on the 
Kosi. The southern range consists chiefly of quartzites and shales, and rises to 
a height of 1,300 feet above the lake. 
At the entrance to the lake, in the very throat of the gorge, occurs a small 
hill, about 80 or 100 feet high, which deflects the in-llowing stream, and the 
existence of which, if it really is, as it appears to be, a stable prolongation of a 
spur, presents a serious obstacle in the way of a glacial theory. No one can 
den}', I think, that a glacier capable of scooping out the lake could not have 
passed over, or on one side of, such an obstruction. 
The determination of the fact, whether this hill consists, and to what extent, 
of rock.s in situ, is a point, I believe, of crucial importance in this enquiry. 
Bearing in mind the vast size of the landslips which take place in this region, 
no one should hastily venture an opinion on such a point. My examination of 
the ground was of too cursoiy a nature to admit of my coming to a final decision. 
The maximum dimensions of this lake are, length 5,580 feet, breadth 1,400 
feet, and depth 87 feet. It is, therefore, the largest, but the shallowest,^ of all 
the series herein described. 
Whether it be a historical fact or not I cannot say ; but it is clearly, I think, 
a fad that the present outlet of the lake was not the original one. The waters 
now only escape through a sluice close to the temple, which is situated about 
midway on the eastern side; but that originally' the water found its way out 
at the southern end, an inspection of the map alone is almost sufficient to 
determine. 
This southern end is now stopped up by what appears to be the debris of a 
landslip. I was unable to examine the valley below, and the position and elevation 
of the highest rocks there remain to be determined. At the present outfall, 
the rocks in situ are apparently at a higher level than the bottom of the lake ; 
but this, if it be the case, is a fact of no importance, if my supposition as to the 
position of the original outfall be correct. 
Towards the southern end of the lake, on the eastern side, there is a boulder 
deposit, which extends along the bank up to a level of perhaps 10 feet above the 
water. The rounded blocks which it includes were possibly rounded by the 
waters of the lake when they stood at a higher level, but its appearance suggests 
a morraine origin. The most remarkable feature about it, however, is, that it is 
backed by no high range on the east, so that, if derived from a landslip, the 
materials must have come from the west, and, of necessity', temporarily filled up a 
portion of the bed of the lake. As elsewhere, my examination here was very 
burned, and I therefore commend this deposit to the notice of future visitors. 
Malwa Tal. —This lake is situated about five miles, in a direct line, to the 
east of Bhim Tal; it lies in a deep valley, which strikes north-west and south-east, 
and is traversed by the Kalsa river, a tributary of the Gola.® 
* Sat-tal being excepted ae regards depth. 
2 It is perhaps worthy of note that tise drainage of all these lutes is into the Gola river. 
