Part 3.] Foote: Bepresentatives of the Gondwana Seoies, ^c. 253 
in tlie same way, as those occurring in other shale beds, where marine fossils are 
not found. This association of the plant and animal remains occurs also, and 
very markedly, in the shaley beds atVemavaram (in Nellore district), and further 
north in the Kistna district. 
I confess it appears to me to be unnecessary to imagine that any of the beds 
are of fresh-water origin, simply because of the absence of marine fossils from 
some of them, when they abound in other beds intimately associated with, and 
perfectly conformable to, the former. A change of level and of other geographi¬ 
cal circumstances, so great as to replace the sea by a lake, or large river, or vice 
•versa, is one of such magnitude, that it would surely produce some stratigraphical 
discordance of corresponding import. No such discordance is traceable in any 
of the numerous patches of Ujpper Grondwana plant beds that I have now seen. 
The absence of marine fossils from some of the beds should therefore, I submit, 
be explained in some other way. 
For the sake of comparison, I give below several sections from the more 
northerly patches of Upper Gondwana rocks. The first of these occurs in 
the banks of the Naggery river at Chittapuram, a little below the junction 
with the Tritany river, in North Arcot district. The same beds occur in both 
banks, but they are best seen in the right, or south, bank. The succession 
of beds in downward succession is the followina- 
O 
8. Laterito and quartzite shingle bed. 
7. Quartzite sbiugle, with sandy matrix. 
6. Gritty friable sandstone with shaley and kunliury laj^ers; the gritty parts 
much false-bedded. 
5. Quartzite shingle, with sandy matrix. 
4. Friable sandstones, with plant remains. 
3. Coarse shingle, matrix of sandy clay. 
2. Clays, light brown grit, with bands of sandstone and plant remains. 
1. Boulder bed, resting on the gneiss which shows a little to the west. 
The plant remains were obtained from the corresponding beds on the north 
bank of the river. They consisted of a small, but broad, leaf, closely resembling 
Macrotmiiopiteris ovata, from No. 4 of which .several specimens W'cre found, and 
of fragments of fronds of Diotyosanutes and Ttllophylluvi, from No. 2. 
The sections near Sripermatur are such very shallow ones, that they afford 
but little material for comparison. The best perhaps is that seen in the Kam- 
bam Kal (a channel feeding the great Sripermatur tank), about half a mile west 
of the Engineer’s bungalow. The beds exposed are— 
5. Lateritic sands, with quartzite implements. 
4. Shales, pure white, compact—the “plant beds.’’ 
3. Grit.s, yellowish, coarse, with shaley partings, much false-bedded, very friable. 
2. Shales, .sandy, micaceous. 
1. Sandstones, gritty, white and greenish, grey, friable. 
The last section that I will quote from the Sripermatur area occurs at Vatam- 
bakam (Vantambanum of Sheet 78) in the southern part of the area, where a 
