Paut 3.] Foote: Representcdives of the Gondwaua Series, Sj‘c. 
255 
Of the sections to be seen in the patches of Upper Gondwana rocks occurring 
on the borders of the Nellore and Kistna districts, two only are worth special 
notice; for, as a rule, the beds arc so little exposed, that it is impossible to trace 
their succession with any certainty. This is due in paid to the very slight eleva¬ 
tion of the area they occupy, much of it being hardly raised above the general 
level of the band of coast alluvium, in part also to the very great thickness of 
cotton soil which extends far and wide over all the older formations. The two 
best sections are the Vemavaram section (only 8 miles from the coast and 12 
miles north-cast-by-north of Ongole) and the Boodavadah section, 11 miles to 
the north of the former. In neither section are the uppermost beds seen, being 
obscured by the coast alluvium and superincumbent cotton soil. The exposed 
beds are, in downward succession,— 
9. Shales, purple. 
8. Do., huffy. 
7. Do., softish, brown, white and puiple. 
6. Do., hard, with red and brown sandstone partings. 
5. Do., do., partly flaggy, variegated. 
4. Sandstone, parting. 
3. Shales, thin, flaggy, buff and white, rather hard, “ fish bed.” 
2. Do., sandy, mottled. 
1. Sandstones, shaley, huffy in colour. 
The base of the section is also obsenred by cotton soil, but about a mile to the 
west, softish gritty sandstones are seen resting on a hummocky granite gneiss, 
analogous to parts of the boulder beds forming the base of the Ootatoor plant 
beds in so many places. Some of these gritty sandstone beds abound in frag¬ 
mentary plant remains, impressed in red colour on the friable surface. Among 
the impressions many are not determinable, but perfectly recognizable fragments 
of Dictyozamites (a small form) are very numerous amongst the others. A series 
of these was sent up in 1875, but from the great friability of the sand.stones it 
is very possible they did not boar the journey. Except in the coarser character 
of the rock, the general apipearance and mode of occuiTenco of the fossils from 
these bottom sandstones are a good deal like those of the fossils found at Terany 
in Trichinopoly district. 
The second section in the Nellore-Kistua ground, to bo quoted for comparison 
with the Ootatoor plant beds, occurs at Budavada in Uelloro district, 25 miles 
north-north-east of Ongole, and S-j- miles west-north-west of the travellers’ bun¬ 
galow at Inkolu on the old Madras-Guntoor road. This section seems to take in 
the whole of the Uptper Gondwanas in this region, but is not by any means as 
distinct as might bo wished, and I offer it as an approximation to the truth and 
as liable to possible modification hereafter. The section is based upon the results 
of examination of a series of -vv'ells, supplemented by a few poor outcrops and 
small stone pits. The obscurity is due to the groat thickness of cotton soil over 
the eastern half of the section. 
The section which extends from half a mile west of Budavada (Boodhawadah 
of Sheet 76) runs due cast for the first half of its length, and then turns north-east 
up to the village of Pavulur, the total length being 2| miles. The series of bed.s 
