258 
Becords of Ike Geological Sniveg of India. [voL. xi. 
here seen, and wliicli I divide into three groups, is thus arranged in downward 
succession:— 
Pavclue Group 
Vemavaeam Group 
Budavada Group , 
9. Sandstones, friable, coarse reddish-brown. 
8. Do., hard, greenish-black, calcareous, slightly shelly 
weathers grey or brown. 
7. Do., friable, drab, pale brown. 
6. Shales, various, hard and soft, mottled in parts, generally light 
grey in colour'. 
5. Sandstones, gritty, calcareous and full of shells, rather hard and, 
tough when fresh. 
4. Do., shaley, friable, drab, huffy. 
"1 3. Do., hard, brown, alternating several times with shaley 
beds. 
2. Do., massive, hard, brown. 
1. Do., pebbly, outcrop much weathered. 
Gneiss 
The general dip is easterly, at varying and generally very low angles. Beds' 
Nos. 4, 6, 6 and 8 contain marine shells; Nos. 5 and 6 contain plant remains as 
well, and No. 9 plant remains only. 
The Vemavaram shales, I believe to bo represented by the shales No. 6, and 
t hese latter do not differ much, as far as seen, from many of the softer beds in the 
Vemavaram section, and they resemble many of the shales in the Ootatoor group; 
The shelly sandstones, No. 5, are utterly unlike anything as yet known in any 
of the other Rajmahal ai’cas thi'oughout India. 
Whether the three gToups into which the plant beds of the Nelloro-Kistna 
area here show themselves to bo naturally divisible can be correlated with the 
three groups Mr. King has established for the Upj)cr Gondwanas of the Goda¬ 
vari district remains to be seen, when the flora and fauna of the more northerly 
series shall have been worked out. I am inclined to doubt it at present. Of 
the petrological agreements there can of course be no doubt, but the paleonto¬ 
logical evidence of the most important plants, and of the very interesting crusta¬ 
cean of the genus Ergon which I discovered at Vemavaram, ajjpear to me to 
indicate that the Vemavaram group is of the same age, and not newer than 
Mr. King’s Golapilly sandstones in the Godavari district, which Dr. Peistmantel 
regards as a true Rajmahal formation. I look upon the Vemavaram group as 
the true marine representative of the Rajmahal formation proper. My reasons 
for so thinking I will not discuss here at length, but reserve them for a fuller 
account of the Nelloro-Kistna Dppor Gondwana groups, which I am now engaged 
upon. 
None of the “plant bod” areas of the Madras Coast has been exhaustively 
seai'ched, and further research may yet add largely to their floras and faunas ; 
but such further research is not likely to bo undertaken by members of the Geo¬ 
logical Survey, at any rate for a very long time. The collections wo now possess 
must therefore for the present bo as.sumod to represent fairly the real contents 
of the several groups of bods. By means of the rough lists of fossil plants from 
the Ootatoor gi’oup of patches severally, the Sripormatur area generally, and 
