PART 4.] Waagen : Geographical ilistrilmlion of fossil organisms in India. 375 
divisions, and the white quartzites following the limestones with the uppermost 
divisions, while he claims the quartzites of Boileau-ganj hill and the garneti- 
ferous mica schists of Jako as equivalent of the Ruling series, or the carboniferous 
limestone. In the Infra-Kro! sandstones he finds so great a petrological resem¬ 
blance to the Bunter sandstone of the Alps, that he is inclined to regard it as 
lower triassic, when the Krol limestone would fall to the upper Trias. But 
now it is to be observed that Medlicott, after close study of the garnetiferous mica 
schists of Jako, regards them as a metamorphosed facies of the Infra-Krol 
beds, and that elsewhere the Krol limestones appear to pass into Medlicott’s 
great limestone, which has been recently identified by Lvdekker' with consider¬ 
able certainty as carboniferous limestone. For the present, therefore, more 
reasons favour the assumption of the palseozftic age of the whole rock series of the 
neighbourhood of Simla, than the transfer of a part of the beds to the Trias 
merely on account of petrological resemblances.® If we proceed eastward from 
the neighbourhood of Simla, it appears to be Medlicott’s great limestone especially 
that constitutes the limestone formations of the outer zone. The most easterly 
point, before reaching the boundary of Nepal, is the neighbourhood of Naini Tal 
and Almora, in which Medlicott refers to thick limestone, which he identifies 
with his Krol limestone, and below which reddish, greenish and grey slates 
appear to represent the Infra-Krol group. To the north these I’ocks are cut off 
by eruptive formations, which arc succeeded still further north, near Almora, 
by crystalline rocks.® 
Of the region around Katmandu, Medlicott* only has furnished any particulars. 
There, after traversing the tertiaries, one crosses a narrow zone of compact and 
partially crystalline limestone with subordinate slate beds, then an equally 
narrow band of crystalline rock, when an extensive limestone region is immediately 
entered upon, which stretches away to several miles beyond Katmandu and 
there gives place to a second crystalline zone. Of the age of these limestones 
nothing is known, as fossils are entirely wanting. Medlicott regards them as 
corresponding to his Krol group, and it is quite probable that they are for the 
most part of paleeozoic age. What lies beyond the second crystalline zone is 
absolutely unknowm. 
* Lydekker: Records Geol. Surv. of India, IX, p. 157. 
2 It is true that Giinihel descrihes (Sitzuiigsbor. hair. Acad. d. WIss., 1865, II, p. 354) a speci¬ 
men of rook said to come from the Sclilagiutweit’s collections and to have been found at Dhai-ain- 
pur, near Solen, in the pi-ovince of Simla, which specimen contained Lima Uneaia, Schl., Nat. 
gaillardoti, Lep., and Nat. simtaensis, Giimb., and would thus indicate the existence of the trias. 
But when one considers that all other observers have found the rocks around Simla devoid of 
fossils, and further that Schlagintweit adduces cretaceous fossils from the exclusively palmozoio 
region of Kudappa (Beisen in Indien und Hochasien, I, p. 144), less weight will be accorded to 
this specimen, and the possibility of a mistake in labelling will not be cousiderfed as absolutely 
inadmissible. 
^Jledlicott; Mem. Geol. Surv. of India, III, p. 09. See also Strachey ; Quart. Journ. 
Geol. Soc., London, VII. 
' Medlicott: Records Geol. Surv. of India, VIII, p. 93. 
R 
