PART 4.] Waagen: Geographical dislribiition of fossil organisms in India. 293 
of the Himalaya, in the Chitta Pahar and the Affridi mountains. South of that 
in the Salt Range, in the district of the Luni Pathans and in Sindh, light colored 
limestones and marls mth numerous fossils compose the nnmmulitic formation. 
A very interesting classification of the tertiaiy deposits of Sindh has been recent¬ 
ly put forward by W. T. Blanford,' in which he distinguishes the following 
groups: 1, the Ranikot group; variegated shales and sandstones, perhaps creta¬ 
ceous. 2, the Kirthar group (eocene) : green clays, then yellow limestones rich 
in fossils, lastly, massive white and grey limestones with many nuramulites and 
alveolinae. 3, the Hari group (lower miocene or upper eocene) : yellow and 
brown limestones with Niimm. garaneiisis, N. suhlcerigatus. Orbit. 2 Jopyrar.ea ; 
above these thick unfossiliferous sandstones. 4, the Gaj group (miocene) : thin- 
bedded marine limestones, rich in fossils, clays and sandstones without nummu- 
lites. 5, Manchhar group (pliocene) : clays, sandstones and conglomerates, with 
a few fragments of bone, overlaid by thick conglomerates. 
Extensive nummulitic areas occur in Kachh and Kattiawar, but they require 
closer examination. Eastward of the Gulf of Cambay, a few small patches of 
nummulitic rock occur at the mouth of the Tap tee river. 
Semi-marine eocene beds of very limited extent occur also at the mouth of 
the Godavari inclosed between basaltic flows.® In ‘ Farther India’ the whole west 
coast consists of nummulitic beds which extend through Arracan apparently to 
the Kiiasi and Garrow hills. The Haga hills appear also to consist in part of 
these beds, but they are wanting at the southern foot of the Eastern Himalaya. 
Deposits from inland waters of eocene age are not as yet certainly knowm, 
but some of the intertrappean fresh-water formations may perhaps belong to this 
period. 
The younger tertiaries occupy enormous surfaces on the western side of the 
peninsula. It is chiefly in the Himalaya that these have been closely studied, and 
there it was possible to distinguish several groups. In the little map I employ 
for the whole division the de.signation best known in Europe, that of the Siwa- 
lik beds. They were all deposited in fresh w'atei’s, and in age, as in appearance 
and mode of deposition, cannot be far distant from the Molasse-rocks of Europe. 
A narrow zone of these beds, which forju generally a chain of hills, accompanies 
the southern foot of the Himalaya afShg its entire length. They occupj’^ the 
Rawal Pindi plateau, follow the east foot of the Suliman Raiigo southward, in¬ 
cluding the hilly tracts between the mountains and the Indus, and appear to 
form in general throughout the w'hole vast region of Rajputana the subsoil out 
of which the blown sands which there cover such great tracts of land arc formed. 
In the east a narrow strip of these rocks shows itself along the northern slope of 
the Haga hills; and along the lower course of the Ira wadi they till the basin 
of the river between the western coast ranges and the ranges of primary rocks 
in the east. In all the above named localities, excepting Rajputana, mammalian 
remains have been found. 
' W. T. Blanford : Recoi’ds Geol. Surv. of India, IX, p. 0. 
’ Hislop ; Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., London, XVI. 
