PART 4.] Waagen : Geographical distribnlion of fossil organisms in India. 297 
But we must uow tui'n our attention to tlie formations related to these 
inland deposits. Oldham^ had already pointed out that the plant-remains 
contained in the sandstones of the Gondwana system recall similar remains both 
in Australia and South Africa, and W. T. Blanford- has called attention to the 
similarity between the Ecca conglomerate and the Talchir boulder bed. Feist- 
manteF has treated most fully of the Australian and African formations with 
regard to their relation to the Indian bods, and gives several tabular statements 
for comparison of the two regions. He also prints a letter from the Revd. 
Mr. Clarke about the Australian carboniferous beds in which the succession of 
beds is represented as follows :— 
{ Upper beds of Tasmania, Qucenslntid ami Victori.a. 
Clarence river, Wianainatta and Ilawkesbury beds. 
Upper beds in tbe Newcastle Coal-fields, llowenfols. 
f^Marine beds (inonutain limestone fauna) 
j Coal-measure.s, with plants, of Ki.v Creek, Stony Creek, Greta, Mount 
I Wingen, <tc. (Plants of mcsozoic type). 
Lowkb CoAt-ilEASlTEES ^ Marine beds, plants of Smith’s Creek, Pt. Stephen’s (Mountain-lime- 
j stone fauna, coal plants). 
I Goonoo-Goonoo. 
^Devonian. 
Of these beds Feistmantel will only allow the upper coal-measures to be 
regarded as equivalents of the Indian Damuda series ; but the reason is not 
made quite clear in his statements. This, however, affects the matter but little ; 
the chief object is, for the present, to lay stress on the fact that beds have been 
discovered in Australia which contain a flora similar to that of the Damuda 
formation. 
The agreement between India and Africa appeal’s to be yet greater. Two 
formations have been distinguished in the latter country, the Karoo and 
Uitenhague formations. Only the first of these has to be considered with 
reference to the Indian triassic deposits. It has been divided into— 
Sternberg beds, 
Beaufort beds, 
' Koonap beds, 
Ecca conglomerate. 
Blanford has already called attention to the resemblances of this last division 
to the Talchir boulder-bed; the third has as yet yielded no fossils ; so only the 
two upper divisions remain for palseontological comparison. They are the beds 
which yielded those remarkable saurian remains described by Owen, amongst 
which the Dicynodonts are sj)ecially noteworthy. With them plant-remains 
* Oldham : Mem. Geol. Surv. of India, II. 
^ W. T. Blanford: Mem. Geol. Sun’, of India, IX, p. 325. 
^ Feistmantel, in an essay in German, apparently published in Calcutta, but without the name 
of the place of publication, or of the printer, or date of publication. 
