PART 4,] Waagen : Geographical dhlriliHlmi of fossil organisms in India. 299 
If we look at the distribution of the marine Jurassic deposits on the east 
coast of Africa, we shall see at once that the connection of the Indian continent 
with the African one had ceased. It is very pleasing to see how soon my con¬ 
jecture that the Jurassic sea extended westward from Kachh and reached Africa 
has been confirmed, Beyrich having described a rich Ce 2 jhalojiodoas fauna from the 
neighboin-hood of Mombas, which allows of an exact recognition of the horizon 
of the Katrol sandstones.^ Even the quality of the rock consisting of richly 
ferruginous geodes, less sandy than those in Kachh, which enclose the fossils, 
is alike. 
There can also be hardly any doubt that the marine Jurassics forming in 
South Africa the uj^per division of the Uitenhagne group should be corre¬ 
lated with the Kachh-Oomia beds. The underlj^ing Geelhoutboom beds enclose 
Jurassic plant-remains, which are, according to Feistmantcl, neaily related to the 
Eajmahal fossils, yet differ so much that a more complete geograjihical sej)aration 
of the two j3i’ovince.s may be thereby indicated. To regard the Trigonia beds, 
with Tate, as lower oolitic, or bathonian, will, after the discoveries made in 
Kachh, hardly enter into the mind of a geologist exjierienccd in the Jurassic I'ocks. 
The occurrence of Jurassic beds in iladagascar is interesting for the deter¬ 
mination of the distribution of the sea during the Jurassic epoch. They arc 
dejiosited against and to westward of older rocks, and thus indicate ju'obably the 
western coast of a continent of which Madagascar, and possibly also the ilas- 
carene islands are remaining fragments It was the remainder of the old tiaassio 
continent, probably still of gi'eat extent, but having become insular already 
in the Jurassic period, for to the eastward we again meet with Jurassic marine 
beds on the western coast of Australia.^ 
To the north-eastward the Indian continent was ajjpai’ently connected with 
China and “ Farther India,” but we must wait for further information about 
thefse regions from Richthofen. 
The lower cretaceous accords in its distribution closely with the upper 
Jura, for which reason I have not shown them separately on the mafi. The 
upper cretaceous first shows a distinctly different geogTaphical distribution, 
and must therefore be considered separately. In the north, owing to the want 
of distinctly littoral deposits, the extent of the former cretaceous can only be 
determined by the lu’esence or absence of marine deposits. Supported by such 
rather indirect reasons, I have laid down the marine boundary of the ujqier 
cretaceous as running through north-west India, but perhaps in reality it extends 
much further west through Beluchistan. The Bagh beds in the Nerbudda region 
are, on the contrary, true littoral foimations ; a few Echinoderms, Oysters, and 
Bryozoa tenant the thin deposits. Whether these Bagh beds were directly con¬ 
nected round Ceylon with the cretaceous beds in Trichinopoly district, or 
' Boyrich : Sitziingsber. Acad. d. W. Berlin, 1877, p. 96. 
2 Tlie figures given by Moore (Quart. Jouru. (Jeol. Soc., London, XXVI, 226,) of tlie fossils 
of tliis Jurassic region are unfortunately so indistinct tbat no opinion can be formed about the 
several species. 
E 
