PAKT 1 .] 
Ljddker : Geology of Kashmir. 
17 
north of the ellipse of carboniferous limestone which occurs near Srinagar must 
be referred to the Panjal series. 
On the opposite side of the yalley of Kashmir, at Gulmarg, I have carried a 
section up to the central core of gneiss, which here occupies the highest point of 
the range, and is continuous with the gneiss shewn in my last map to the south¬ 
east of the Jhelam valley. The gneiss above Gulmarg has the same relation to 
the slates and sandstones as has the corresponding gneiss of the Pir Panjal pass 
to the same series, This relation and the inferences drawn from it will be found 
in my last paper. 
II.— Sind and Tilail Valleys. 
The greater part of the Sind valley section has already been described in my 
last paper. During the past summer, however, I liad occasion to re-traverse 
this line, and some further remarks on the section which occurred to me duidng 
this second visit have been added in the present paper. My great object in this 
journey was to trace the limestone series of Sonamarg and Amrnath (Ambarndth) 
to the north-west, and I shall describe below the sections ns they were met with 
on my route : it may be well in the first place to mention the route I took. 
Starting from the valley of Kashmir, I travelled by the Ladak road as far as 
the town of Dras; from thence I turned off to the westward, crossing the pass 
into the Tilail valley; I then followed the Kishenganga^ river as far as Gurais, 
making several detours to the northward. From Gurais I returned to the village 
of Bodagram in Tilail, and from thence struck across the hills in a south-easterly 
direction via, the Lahani and Gadasir valleys to Sonamarg in the Sind valle}-. 
A separate trip from Kashmir to Gurais along the Astor road enabled me to 
connect the north-westerly extremity of the Tilail section with the previously 
known rocks of the valley of Kashmir. 
At page 47 of mj' last paper I referred to a mass of gneiss mingled with a 
few bands of limestone wliich occurs in the lower part of the Sind valley, south 
of the village of Wangat. I then suggested the possibility of this gneiss being 
newer than the slate series. A further examination of these rocks has, however, 
led me to come to the conclusion that the gneiss series really underlies the slate 
and amygdaloidal series, and that the former must consequently coi-respond in 
position with the gneiss of the Pir Panjal. The peculiarity of the Sind valley 
gneiss is, that it contains some beds of unaltered blue limestone and others of 
white crystallised limestone; the occurrence of this limestone with the gneiss 
cannot, however, of itself, I think, be regarded as of any importance as regards 
the age of the rock. Very similar limestones occur in the gneiss of the Bhiitna 
river in Parigi, which were noticed in ray last paper. 
Above this mass of gneiss I have no additional remarks to make on the Sind 
valley section, until we come to the great limestone series of Sonamai-g. In rela- 
' The name of the Kisheiigangn river docs not appear on the map. It should he applied to the 
river which rises in Tilail above Giijrond (Goojroud), and from thence Hows to Gurais. 
