34 Records of the. Geological Survey of India. [voi.. xii. 
section of the Primates ; all tlie teeth are well worn, which shows the animal to 
have been adult at the time of its death. 
The molars and canine are arranged in a straight line, and there is a small 
diastema between the canine and the outer incisor; each tooth of the molar series 
is inserted by four fangs. In the true molars, the last is the smallest of the 
three ; each tooth carries four cusjds on the masticating surface, which form an 
irregular quadrangle, arranged obliquely to the long axis of the tooth; thus, in 
relation to a line drawn transversely across the palate, in front of any one molar, 
we find the antero-extemal cusp placed first, then the antero-intemal cusp, then 
the postero-external, and lastly, the postero-intemal; an imperfect ridge connects 
the two internal cusps. The crowns of the molars are square or oblong, with 
their angles rounded off. The one remaining premolar carries two cusps on its 
masticating surface : both this and the penultimate premolar are remarkable for 
the shortness of their antero-posterior diameter in relation to the transverse. 
The canine is a short and blunt conical tooth, with the outer side of the crown 
rounded, and the inner side bevelled away obliquely from base to summit; no 
portion of the tooth which remains has been at all affected by wear. The fang 
of the incisor is small and laterally compressed. 
The profile view of the specimen (fig. 1) show's the fangs of the molars 
and the root of the zygoma which arises above the interval betw'een the first 
and second true molars ; in front of the zygoma there is a channelled hollowing 
of the jaw, in front of which the fang of the canine bends round in an arch. 
Prom the shortness and bluntness of the canine it is inferred that the jaw 
belonged to a female individual. 
With this description, we may proceed to compare the now jaw with the jaws 
of other Primates. First, we shall have no difficulty in saying that our specimen 
does not belong to either of the genera Semnopitheous, Macacus, or Gercojjitliecus 
and their allies, because in those genera the cusps on the molars are much 
higher and sharper, and are arranged in pairs directly transverse to the long axis 
of the tooth; in addition, the last molar in those genera is always as large, or 
larger, than the first, and the angles of the molars are square. 
In Oynocephahts and its allies the teeth have much the same general charac- 
tcra as in the last group, and the last molar is much larger than the first. 
As we have already seen, the Siwalik jaw cannot belong to the Platyrhine 
monkeys, and there only r-emains, therefore, the group of the Simice, or the 
anthropoid apes and man to which it can belong. How, in all the anthropoid 
apes and in man the molars are exactly of the pattern of those of our specimen, 
and there can be no doubt but that the latter belongs to this group. The molars, 
how'ever, of these apes and of man are so much alike, that it is, I believe, 
frequently quite impossible to distinguish isolated molars, and we can only 
therefore arrive at specific or genei’ic distinctions by a comparison of the whole 
dental series. 
Commencing with the lowest of the anthro23oid apes— Ilylohutes —we find 
that the general structure of the molars of that genus is much the same as in the 
