52 
[VOL. XII. 
Becords of the Geological Survey of India. 
DESCEIPTION OF PLATE. 
Fig. 1. Palsopithectjs sivalexsis, nobis. 
Lateral view of right maxilla. 
„ 2. Macacus STTALENSI8, noHs; palatal view of right maxilla. 
,, 3. Rhizomys sivAlensis, nobis; palatal view of left ramns of mandible. 
„ 4. Macactjs sivaleksis, nobis ; palatal view of left maxilla. 
„ 6. Paljiowthecus siyalensis; palatal view of specimen represented in fig. 1. 
Fig. 3 twice the natural size; the rest natural size. The two sides of 
the maxilla represented in fig. 5 have not been placed quite sym¬ 
metrically. The perfect tooth on the left side of the figure should 
be opposite the decayed tooth on the right side. 
Notes on some Siwalik Birds, bg R. Ltdekkee, B. A., Geological Survey of 
India. 
ISTBODUCTION. 
In the Siw’aliks, as in many other ossiferous formations, the fossil remains of 
birds are of extremely rare occurrence, and such bones as do occur are generally, 
owing to their delicate structure, merely fragments of the stouter extremities. 
Except in formations like the lithographic slates of Solenhofen, the skull of birds 
are scarcely ever preserved as fossils, and none have as yet been obtained from the 
Siwaliks. From time to time, however, a few fragments of bird-bones have been 
obtained from these deposits, and these are of extreme interest, as being the only 
evidence we have at present of the existence of an avian fauna in the Siwaliks. 
Some of these bones were collected by Dr. Falconer, and were deposited by him 
in the British Museum, figures being given of them on Plate R of the unpub¬ 
lished plates of the “ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.”! On the evidence of these 
bones M. A. Milne-Edwmrds’ established two species of extinct Siwalik birds, 
namely, Struthio asiatlcus and Argala falconeri. From the evidence of another 
bone which is not figured in the “ Fauna Sivalensis,” the same writer considered, 
that a bird allied to Phaeton must have lived with the Siwalik fauna. 
Among the vast collection of mammalian and reptilian bones obtained by Mr. 
Theobald from the Siwaliks, there are a few fragmentary bird bones; and these 
together with the bones collected by Dr. Falconer, form mainly the subject of the 
following short notes. These notes are not intended as an accurate description 
of the bones, because I ivish to defer that description in the hope that I may 
hereafter obtain more complete materials. Some of the bones are, however, of 
such interest, that I have thought it well to bring their existence into notice, 
without deferring them to the indefinite period when I shall be enabled to give 
figures of them. 
* Pliotograpliic copies of these plates can now be obtained at the British Museum. 
’ Oiseaux fossiles de la France, Vols. I, p. “149, II, p. 587. 
