Records of the Qeolo(jk-al Survey of India. 
[yol. xn. 
i' 
f).l. 
ordoi' by a brown sandstone which doubtless belongs to Dr. Stoliezka’s carbonifer¬ 
ous series. Then came talus, then slates followed by limestones interbedded with 
slates, and finally massiye blue compact limestone (Lilang), weathering blue and 
brown in irregular patches. 
The Lilang limestones which are exposed from this point almost the whole 
way up the valley arc very like typical Krol rock. In color, in the thickness of 
their beds, and in often containing tortuous white calcite markings, they much 
resemble the rocks of that series. As I have described, the Lilang limestones of 
the Spiti valley, and the dark limestone seen at the toj) of the Hangrang pass, as 
both resembling typical Krol rocks, I need pei’haps hardly add that they also 
closely resemble each other. In the absence of fossil evidence to the contrary, 
I conclude that the upper Hangrang beds belong to the Lilang series. 
I may mention in passing, that I saw the conglomerate again a few miles 
beyond Dankar, on the left bank of the Spiti, a few feet only above the bed of 
the stream. A considerable thickness of a light colored calcareous sandstone 
containing pebbles similar to those in the conglomerate opposite Mani is overlaid 
by a brown slaty rock, also containing similar pebbles. This conglomeratic 
sandstone is composed of grains of unequal size cemented together with carbonate 
of lime and earthy matter exhibiting rusty reddi.sh spots on the fractured surface. 
It ap]Dears to have been squeezed up from below the strata at the point indicated, 
having been subjected to great strain and contortion. 
The section from Dankar up the Spiti is described at pp. 26, 33 of Dr. 
Stoliezka’s Memoir, and it appears from the remarks at p. 33 that between Losar 
and the Kunzam pass, the section is a repetition of that described by Dr. Stolicz- 
ka between Muth and Kuling. At the point where the road turns up the Lichu 
valley between Losar and the Kanzam pass, I observed a thick bed of pink lime¬ 
stone ; but as a storm of two and half days’ duration had covered the whole 
coimtry with snow, and inflicted on me a sharp attack of snow-blindness, I was 
unable to explore this locality in detail. 
The slates re-appeared near the Kanzam pass. From the top of the 
pass (elevation 14,931 feet, T. S.), down to Katza, a halting place where the 
Chota Shigri river joins the Chandra, they resemble typical Simla slates. Dip 
north-east-by-north. On the left bank at Katza the dip suddenly changes to 
very high soirth-south-west, and the slates are more silicious, and some of them 
have a micaceous glaze previously absent. The central gneiss ajipears Avitli 
the Bara Shigri river, and huge blocks of it form a prominent feature in the 
moraine of the Shigri glacier. As I was making forced marches over heavysnow, 
I could not linger to explore this interesting neighbourhood, but Dr. Stoliezka 
states (p. 15 of Hemoir) that “ the boundary of the gneiss and of the overlyhf 
Silurian rocks ” may bo seen on a stream north of the Shigri glacier, six miles in 
a straight line south of the Kanzam pa.ss. The Chota Shigri is probably the 
stream indicated. 
* See also p. 17 and p, 311 of Vol. V. 
