98 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[voL. xir. 
and the bottom 13 feet, which was not walled, consisted of phrple clay, brittle 
and falling off in flakes. At 179 feet the red rocks were passed through. 
The dip and the distances from the boundary not being accurately known, on 
account of the covered nature of the ground, no exact calculation could be 
made; and in such massively-bedded rocks any such calculation could only be 
approximate; but at a probable estimate of a dip of 20° and a horizontal distance 
of 500 feet, this proved depth and thickness of the Mahadeva rocks is about 
what should occur under the assumed condition of conformity; and at least it 
proves that between this spot and the boundary there can be no great post- 
Mahadeva fault, with southerly downthrow. 
At 179 feet the boring entered on sandstone, grey and white, felspathic, 
most like the coal-measure rock; and our hopes were very strong that coal 
would soon be struck, as, in the supposed normal section, it all lies within the 
top 160 feet of the measimes. Carbonaceous shale and even fragments of coal 
appeared in some of the samples, but only to delude our hopes, for the boring 
was continued to a depth of 426 feet, or 247 through the lower formation, 
without any better result, so I recommended the work to be stopped. 
In attempting to account for this section, several conjectures are apparent. 
It may be that the carbonaceous measures passed through are not the true 
coal-measures, but only the carbonaceous measures of the middle Mahadeva 
horizon, such as were found at Tundni, eight miles to the west; but the total 
absence of such beds in the clear section in the Sitariva, within half a mile of the 
boring, makes this supposition the least probable. There is then the possibility 
that within this short distance the coal seams may have died out ; this is the most 
unfavourable view of the ease, and one that seemed unlikely, considering the 
great regularity of the bottom seam in the lower mine, north of the river; but 
it is a chance that must not be lost sight of in our Indian coal-fields, especially 
in these lower measures; indeed, in this same bottom seam, I have observed 
something very like an original extinction, in the section of the “new incline,” 
where the coal passes rapidly into a sandy shale, never having come to the 
surface on the rise of the little hill. A third supposition is, that the boring 
chanced upon a band of disturbance, and so passed down between the broken 
and displaced seams. The mixed nature of the samples at and below a depth 
of 325 feet gave some support to this supposition, and it was the one I felt 
inclined to adopt. 
The facts disclosed by the new working at the mines dispose me, however, 
to think that we have here to deal with original features of the deposits. The 
lie of the seams south of shaft No. 2 is not quite what would be inferred from 
the outcrops: the strike is more nearly due south; and in rising to the west 
the coal is stopped out against a steeper sloping face of sandstone. Mr. Maughan 
has had to deal with many slips and crushing of the seams in these new work¬ 
ings, but they have all proved only temporary obstructions, save this one on the 
west. To pi'ove it thoroughly he had a boring put down from the surface at 
a point about 200 feet west of this stoppage. At 140 feet the red rocks were 
passed through; here again, as at Baner, this depth indicating the general con¬ 
formity of the groups. Below 140 feet the bore passed through 270 feet of coal- 
