1 0() Records of the Geological Survey of India, [vol. xn. 
few exposed outcrops: manganiferous iron ore is, however, known to occur in 
these rocks, more to the north at Mogala and Jauli. 
“ Although the nature of the deposit is thus moi’C or less obscure, I see no 
reason to doubt that a large supply of this ore may he depended on at Gosalpur.” 
The ore is dark steel gray, finely crystalline, pyrolusite, mixed with a varying 
proportion of psilomelane. Some lumps are almost free from the latter mineral, 
others contain a considerable amount; hut on the whole the psilomelane is very 
subordinate to the pyrolusite. The exterior of the lumps, and the surfaces of most 
of the internal cavities are more or less coated by oxide of iron. 
A carefully selected average sample of the ore yielded on analysis— 
( Manganese calculated at protosesquioxide 
75-86 
Oxygen ... ... 
9-96 
Iron, sesquioxide (with trace of alumina) 
4-53 
Baryta 
3-65 
Phosphoric acid 
-28 
Insoluble in hydrochloric acid .., 
... 2-74 
Combined water 
2-41 
Hygroscopic, water 
-28 
99-61 
The ore contains 54'66 per cent of manganese, and 3T7 of iron, with '28 of 
phosphoric acid and no sulphuric acid. It contains 15-26 per cent of available 
oxygen = 83-00 per cent of peroxide ; as an oxidizing agent, therefore, it is 
of high value, the average run of manganese ores met with in commerce contain¬ 
ing only 60 to 75 per cent. The percentage of peroxide in the ore, calculating 
all the manganese as peroxide, would be 86-42 per cent., but the presence of some 
psilomelane reduces the available percentage about 3f per cent. The insoluble 
residue is chiefly, or entirely, silica. With reference to the presence of baryta, 
a substance so commonly met with in psilomelane, and not unfrequently in 
pyrolusite, it may be mentioned that baryta in the form of barite occurs in some 
quantity at Imlia near Sleemanabad, 20 miles north-east of Gosalpur. 
A GEOLOGICAI. KECONNOISSAXCB FROM THE IXDUS AT KuSHALGAEH TO THE KuKKAM AT 
Thal on the Affghan Frontier, hy A. B. Wynne, f.g.s, &c., Geol. Surv. hid . 
In volume X. of the Records, I gave a sketch of the distribution of the 
tertiary rocks in the N.-W. Punjab. ‘ In that account, and in the maj) accomjia- 
nying it, the ground immediately along the Affridi frontier is omitted. In order 
> Tlio information given regarding Upper Pun jab geology, by the Geological Survey, being 
somewhat scattered, I may mention that the most important areas as yet examined will be found 
referred to, besides the above, in Memoirs Geol. Siu-., Vol. XI, pt. 2 (Trans-Indus Salt Regionj, also 
Qi-tly. Jnl., Geol. Soc., bond., Vol.) XXX, p. 61, and Vol. XXXVI, p. 347 j a memoir on the Salt 
Range, Mems. Geol. Surv. Ind., Vol. XIV. On the neighbourhood of Murree, Records, Vol. V, 
pt. 1, and Vol. VII, pt. 2. On Jamu hills, Records, Vol. IX, pp. 49 and 155. On jjart of Upper 
Punjab, Records, Vol. VI, pt. 3. On Kharian hills, Records, Vol. VIII, p. 48. On Sirban, 
Memoirs, Vol. IX, pt. 2. 
