10:i Recorch of the Geological Survey of India. [voL. xii, 
exact place wlicnce these fossils were procured is unknown, and several efforts 
to rediscover it have failedd 
The rocks of the neighbourhood are on the horizon of the lowest Siwalik 
or uppermost Murree beds, here quite impossible to separate by any distinctive 
petrological character’, a difficulty increased by the scarcity of fossils of any kind. 
The existence of fossil timber, however, which is found in the lowest of these 
groups, though not always present, may indicate the rocks belonging to the older 
group of the two. 
The ground, though open, is ridgy and rugged; the beds are highly inclined 
to the north or vertical, and run in dii’ections from E. and W., to N. E.—S. W.; 
they include soft and harder greenish and gray sandstones with red, purple, and 
occasionally gray, alternating clays. For several miles westward of the Indus, its 
characteristic gneiss and metamorphic pebbles are thinly scattered over the 
country ; but I was unable to find a single erratic, i. e., travelled block or boulder 
such as are so numerous aci’oss the river about Jand, <kc. 
Eight miles to the northwards are hills of nummulitic, limestones of the 
Subathu character, bent up in compressed folds, and associated with dark shales, 
red clays and gypseous masses. Sulphur and j)etroleum springs occur, closely 
connected with the upper zones of these limestones and clays, as on the right bank 
of the Indus, near Dandi hill station (where there are appearances of once exten¬ 
sive sulphur or alum works), or issuing from the solid limestone in the Ungo 
pass. 
About the same distance still further northward, the main inner boundary 
of the Murree and Subathu zones is over-slipped by the hUl nummulitic limestone 
of Kilabgash mountain, which rises immediately norih of the abnormal junction 
feature, and includes amongst its beds jurassic, if not other secondary rocks. 
Westward of the ground intervening between this and Kushalgarh, the 
country is apparently complicated, alternations of the limestones with rod rocks 
of Murree aspect, displaying themselves largely in the southern part of the 
Zhuwakki Affridi hills. 
From Kushalgarh westward the general surface rises towards the command¬ 
ing hill of Gurgurlot, the summit of a range which, with the exception of rock 
salt, repeats all the essential points of structure observed in the I’idges of the 
Kohat salt field. 
Approaching this hill, the purple and red rocks show much contortion, and 
fold round the greatly disturbed double anticlinal curvature which occupies the 
range, but so misshapen, crushed and twisted that the original simplicity of 
structure is greatly obscured. The axis of these folds run from N.-E. through 
S.-W. to a westerly strike. Just north of the Gumbat pass another ridge 
of nummulitic limestone includes, between itself and Gurgurlot, a set of the 
dark purple and red sandstone and clay beds of the Murree group, as a synclinal 
' Bones seem to be specially uncommon among the beds of ICnsbalgarh, perhaps all the 
more reason for their occmTence in numbers in some local layer. Such a situation is said to have 
been found several years ago, 3 miles west of the village, in a cutting for the Kohat road, near .“t 
hurj or watch-tower. 
