PART 2.] Wynne: A geological recomiomancefrom the hulns. 
103 
fold. The very lowest of these, at their contact with the last-naentioned limestone, 
contain bones. Rib bones and fragments only were found, but unfortunately no 
teeth. The occurrence of these so low in the sei’ies shows, however, that the bone 
beds of the Punjab are by no means limited to the upper (or Siwalik) groups. 
It is on the southern side of the Gurgurlot range, at Koteyri, that an extra¬ 
ordinary example of complete inversion occurs, placing the eocene limestone 
for a width of more than a furlong above the next newer group of sandstones and 
clays (see Trans Indus Salt Region, Mem., Geol. Sur., Ind., Vol. XI, pt. 2, p. 20.) 
Besides the ordinary succession of the salt region tertiary beds, bands of 
flaggy limestone here appear in the gypsum, having the curious structure called 
cone-in-cone, very perfectly developed. 
The general succession observed in and near the Gurgurlot range is as 
follows (in natural order) :— 
Lower Siwalik 
Murree beds 
Eocene Sabathu 
1 
5 Soft greenish-gray sandstones, with bones, and red clays; the sandstones 
sometimes conspicuously massed together. 
4 Purple sandstones and bright red or purple clays- 
3 Alveolina and other fossiliferous limestones. 
2 Red clay zones of the Salt Region to the south. 
Gypsum in massive beds and masses, with layers of dark flaggy limestone 
. and dark grayish clays. 
Some of the springs on the southern .side of Q urgurlot are said to be saline, 
more so at times than at others. The range declines to the westward, being con¬ 
nected by lower limestone iddges with the higher ones of the Bangdsh hills. 
Both the latter and the low ridges mentioned expose here and there, interstrati- 
fied with the limestones, clay and sandstone bands, having entirely the ordinary 
aspect of the Murree beds, but sometimes including coarse sandy calcareous layers 
enclosing nummulites, or bands of olive clay. An alternation of this kind is seen 
at the little pass on the Kohat road north of Lachi. 
In the neighbourhood of Gumbat the low ground seems to have been eroded 
chiefly, if not entirely, from the sandstones and clays of this part of the lower 
tertiary rocks; and in every escarpment of the surrounding country, the red 
rocks are seen to underlie the limestone poiHion of the radges. This appearance 
is as strongly seen as anywhere along the northern side of the Gurgurlot ranges; 
yet when followed eastward through the Gumbat pass, these red rocks are jrlainly 
resting upon the limestones. 
Accejrting this as the normal order, it would bo easy notwithstanding 
appearances to suppose the limestone in all cases, or nearly all, the oldest rock. 
But further west this is found not to be the case, several alternations of the 
limestones and sandstones of diflierent thicknesses taking place ; so that it becomes 
exceedingly difficult to find the true positions of these limestones and red rocks 
where the sections are isolated or much contorted. 
From Gumbat to Kohat the road passes for 8 miles through an open earthy 
or stony country of alluvial flats, terraces, and undulations exposing cither the 
lower tertiary sandstone and clays, or limestones; the G urgurlot range lies to the 
south, and the rugged hills of Zhuwakki land are approached to the north, show¬ 
ing long edges of limestone cropping out above the red Murrec-like rocks. 
B 
