110 Records of the Geological Siirveg of India. [vol. xii. 
to have subsided into this sloi^ing attitude by its own weight. If not, the 
occurrence is remarkable. 
The walled village and the camp at Thai are situated at the confluence of 
the Singroba stream with the river Kurram, and upon coarse detrital river 
accumulations of the loeal rocks. The elevation is supposed to be about, or some¬ 
what over, 2,000 feet. Within a mile of the camj> to the north, the high moun¬ 
tain of Kadimuk shows a short east and west anticlinal axis, around which the 
strong-bedded limestones form an elliptical quaqiraversal dome. 
Favoured by Colonel Gordon, commanding at Thai, with an extra guard, 
I was enabled to visit the lower part of this mountain. On the way there an 
exterior grouj) of hills was crossed, composed of contorted, vertical and much 
disturbed, hard olive and gray quartzose sandstones, covered with a dark metallic 
lustrous film, and green, gray or purple clays, some of which are exceedingly fine 
and hard, with a splintry structui’o. Subordinate beds and bands of marly 
limestone also occur. Some of the latter contain well-preserved corals of 
two or three species, and in one bed of the externally dark-coloured sandstone 
I observed a few casts of small echinoderms. 
Among the lowest beds of this exterior (? lower Sabathu) group are un¬ 
equally coarse sandstones, enclosing fragments and large blocks and blotches of 
limestone. Nearly in the same strike I also found a thick bed of limestone con¬ 
glomerate, apparently reconstructed from such limestones as those of Kadimuk. 
The base is sandy, and lying on the rock, as if weathered out of this, a frag¬ 
ment of a Belemnite was picked up. Notwithstanding the interstratification, 
there is in consequence of the occurrence of this bed some appearance of a 
break low down in the group; but the relations of this to the rock of 
Kadimuk are those much more of faulted discordance than of unconfor¬ 
mity. The whole outer group, in spite of the faulted appearance, sweeps 
round the axial western dip of the high mountain, and for some distance from the 
river strikes up the left bank of the Kurram. 
At the southern base of the mountain a thin band of the dark-weathered 
sandstones, &c., separates a considerable mass of gray limestone from the Kadi¬ 
muk anticlinal. This limestone has an uneven texture, showing small black 
specks like minute organisms, with a few narrow spines. Such limestone is not 
uncommon in the lower hill-nummulitics of the region north of Rawaljnndi plateau. 
In the strong limestones of the mountain I found no fossils m situ, but 
fallen fragments contained anneloid tracks, oysters, bryozoa, or small corallines 
and corals, many small gasti’opoda, some like Nerinwa, and a few sections of 
impacted little bivalves, the aspect of the whole being that of older limestones 
fTiau any of the eocene ones I am acquainted with. 
One of the officers of the Kurram force (Mr. Macleod, 29th Punjab Infan¬ 
try) informs me that some time ago near the summit of Kadimuk, beneath a lime¬ 
stone cliff, he found several ammonites lying on the surface of a softer band. 1 
was unfortunately not able to procure any specimens of these, even through an 
inhabitant of Thai who knew where they are ; for it appeared that part of the 
mountain was occupied by a wandering party of Ghilzais with whom the people 
of Thai were at feud. 
