PART 2.] JFfiine: A geological reconnoissance from the Indus. ll;i 
nmlitic) sandstone, or of marly or pure limestone, and one prominent dark 
limestone band 700 feet thick. 
In the Rawalpindi plateau the zone is greatly disturbed, has apparently 
a less thickness, irp to 1,600 or 2,000 feet, and comprises a few alternations of 
highly fossiliferoua, marly and other nummulitic limestones, with red, purple and 
olive clays, &c. 
Gypsum and petroleum occur along this part of the zone, chiefly in the lower 
ground, the former in considerable quantity ; gypsum also is met with in red rocks 
of somewhat Subathu aspect, their relations obscured by distui-bance, among the 
Mochipuri mountains north of Murree, at Dungagali, &c. 
In Bangash on the road to Thai and southwards, these Subathu eocene rocks 
occupy a large area, one part of their section alone giving an estimated thickness 
of more than an English mile, to which large additions should be made for the 
total bulk of the group, not less perhaps than 7,000 or 8,000 feet. The limestones 
here occur in thick zones of from one to over 300 feet, becoming more numerous 
northwards in the Mirkhweli region, and largely made up of beds containing 
Alveolina almost exclusively. Interstratified with these are thicker zones of rocks 
exactly resembling Murree beds, but including also many bands of olive claj'. 
The gypsum of the group appears here in the salt field, and on its borders, but 
much more largely developed than to the east. 
It Avould seem that the zone is changing again to the westward, the lime¬ 
stones disappearing in a great measure, and a mass of unusually hard sandstones 
with marine fossils and very thick greenish or gray and some purple clays forming 
a prominent part of the group in the neighbourhood of Thai. 
A possible break at the top of the Salt-range nummulitic limestone has 
been suggested by Mr. Medlicott,* partly from the occurrence of a band of 
limestone conglomerate at the base of the overlying series. The presence of this 
detrital rock is not accompanied by any visible stratigraphic discordance, and in 
the section on the flank of Kadimuk north of Thai, we have a band of limestone 
conglomerate interstratified with the local lower part of the Subathu beds. 
This occurrence is perhaps worth noting in connexion with the supposed break, 
with the abnormal northern junction of this Subathrr zone and the hill limestones, 
with the appearance of a transition across this break at Clifton (Murree), and 
with the absence of any unquestionable representative of the Subathu zone north 
of the line of abnormal junction, so far as is yet kno^vn, nearer than the distant 
deposits on the Upper Indus, if even there. 
Nothing has been found in this country antagonistic to views I have pre¬ 
viously expressed regarding the nummulitic rocks of the Punjab (Records, Vol. 
X, p. 109, etc.), particirlarly as to the position of the Subathu eocene beds above 
the mass of the eocene hill limestones^. Still some approach to the eocene hill 
limestone character among these rooks has been observed in scarcity of fossils and 
darkness of colour. Perhaps no feature is more prominent in the structural 
geology of the Punjab than the liability of its rocks to horizontal (lateral) varia- 
' Memoirs, Vol. Ill, Pt. 2, p. 91, and Records, Vol IX, p. 67. 
^ See note 2, p. 130. 
