I 
116 
Records of the Qeoloyical Survey of India. 
[vOL. XII. 
tabular list of these Hazara groups, placed as far as possible in their natural 
order of stratigraphieal succession as follows :— 
Pleistocene' 
o 
g 
o 
W o 
o 
N 
O 
N 
PI 
O 
« 
Ph 
[ Eocene 
' Ceetaceous 
I JuBAssrc ... 
'Teiassic 
? 
p 
\ ( Observe ; 2 a 
9 
Northern detritnl drift. 
Allnvium and river drift. 
Post-tertinry valley or lake deposits. 
Murree beds, sandstones atid clays transitional with 
Upper numinulitic beds, limestones, sandstones, clays. 
Hill niimniulitie limestone older than .above. 
Limestones chiefly. 
Ditto, black shale (Spiti) and dark sandstones. 
Limestones, dolomites, breccias, shales, &c. 
Infra-triassic sandstones, breccias, &c. ) „ 
. . J i' same. 
Tanol series—Quartzites, sandstones, dolomites, &c. ) 
may possibly or probably be parts of one group.) 
Attock slate series : Fine slates and grits, with limestone bands, some¬ 
times largely developed. 
Intrusive traps, in Attock slates and Tanols also in metamorphic rocks. 
Hazara gneiss and the most crystalline altered beds. 
A. Highly crystalline m-etamorflvic and azoic roclcs .—It will be observed that 
I have given these rocks a separate place at foot of the list, an arrangement 
-which might be supposed to convey the idea that they were really the oldest 
part of the series ; and under ordinary circumstances it would appear easy to 
consider the granitoid gneiss as the fundamental portion of the whole. The 
observations made in the field have, however, shown indications of the presence 
of the singular Himalayan phenomenon of highly metamorphic rocks resting 
upon others possessing far less, or even in cases little or no, traces of having 
undergone metamorphism. Hence it is necessary to avoid hasty conclusions; 
for, if the stratigraphieal superposition to be described really represents the normal 
sequence, the inference follows that among these metamorphic rocks a portion at 
least may be representative of palaeozoic or even newer groups. 
The unaltered rocks lie in the southern part of the district, the most altered 
in the northern region; but in passing from the former to the latter, neither a 
continuous, nor a simply interrupted or inverted, descending section is found. 
From the tertiary beds down to the slates, Ho. 1 (omitting No. 2 as doubt¬ 
fully present), a descending series may be observed, with two breaks, the 
lowest of which is prominently marked. From these slates towards the Hazara 
gneiss, an ascending series, differing from that just mentioned, prevails; 
and in the gneiss region itself there are traces of interstratification apparent, 
the position and inclination of the bands being suggestive of these altered rocks 
occupying a high place in the northern series. The sequence could be accounted 
for if this northern series could bo proved, by any unconformable contact, older 
and entirely different from the southern one ; but at the point where operations 
had to be discontinued, it appeared to be gradually becoming evident that the 
gi-eat Tanol group of the northern series was passing laterally into the infra- 
triassic group of the southern and Sirban mountain sections (see Mem. Geol. 
Surv., vol. IX, part 3: Description of the Geology of Sirban). This would 
assert its position to be newer or higher than the Attock slates ; while its upper 
