PAET 3.] Wynne; Further notes on the Geology of the U^per Pmijah. 
119 
sometimes cropping out along tte wliole of one side of a spur the opposite slope 
of which presents a sheet of the gneiss for many miles. 
The whole aspect of the gneissic or granitoid region, so far as visited, gives 
the impression that an extensive series of mechanically formed detrital rooks 
has undergone transformation, the metamorphism being locally intense, and its 
extreme results expressed by a very abrupt transition from highly altered schists 
into gneiss itself. 
Less highly altered azoic rocks .—The schists and quartzites adjacent to the 
gneissic area are, as a general rule, distinctly stratified; and, no matter in what 
direction inclined, they almost invariably dip towards exposures of the gneiss. 
They present the somewhat peculiar feature that they occupy, so far as yet 
traced, the deepest valleys, such as those of the Nainsuk, Sirun, and Indus; this 
feature, together with their dij), intensifying the appearance which they i^resent 
of underlying the gneiss. 
The metamorphism of these rocks bears a moi’e or loss constant relation of 
place to the margin of the gneissic tract, though it possesses no definite outer 
boundary. It appears on the left (Haeara) bank of the Indus to travel across 
the stratification of beds that are less altered further away upon the same stidke, 
as though it were an effect related to the presence of the gneiss among the Buneyr 
hills in the wild tract.beyond^that river; or it might be perhaps inferred that the 
altered rocks here, lying lower than some in the neighbouring country, indicates 
the presence of plutonic ones at a depth beneath this region no greater than the 
distance within which the rocks at the surface nearest to the gneiss have been 
most metamorphosed. 
The altered rocks in this situation consist chiefly of various talcose or mica¬ 
ceous schists, sometimes slaty, sometimes even conglomeratic from the presence 
of white quartz or quartzite pebbles; they are rarely calcareous, but sometimes 
contain bands of compact and rusty-looking dolomite or magnesian limestone. 
£. Intrusive traps .—In both the more and the less crystalline metamorphic 
gi’oups (as well as in the Tanol series), igneous rocks are not uncommonly met 
with as dykes or intrusions. One of these near the border of the Amb country, 
south of the Bahingra mountains, is of considerable size. Generally speaking, 
these rocks are of a dark, dense, variously crystalline greenstone, seldom por- 
phyritic and never amygdaloidal. They do not present recognisable signs of 
having par-taken of the metamorphism of the associated beds, but they are fre¬ 
quently weathered to an extreme degree, this condition perhaps having some 
connexion with their position. 
1 .—Attach slates : (Azoic ).—The general appearance of this group has been 
already more than once described. It consists of various dark, olive, black or 
brownish fine eai-thy slates, sometimes with purple bands and occasionally inter- 
stratified with greenish fine-grained sandstones. Bands of compact, waved, pale 
and dark gray or rusty-brownish limestone are locally numerous; though com¬ 
paratively rare in some localities, in others, as in the Gandgarh range, they 
assume an enormous development. 
Here too these limestones include among their upper layers a band or bands 
of compact white or greenish semi-translucent waxy-looking thin-bedded marble, 
