PART 3.] Foote; Geological features of the Madura District, 
15S 
Pudukotai patch. 
Shonkarai patch. 
Shahkotai patch. 
not unfrequently very mucli the appearance of a gritty sandstone without, 
however, actually possessing sufficient cohesion to deserve the name of rock, 
though in some cases it very nearly merits being so called. A good example 
of this may be seen at Nadduveykotai, four miles west of Pattukotai (Puttu- 
cottah). 
Passing over to the Pudukotai patch striking spreads of hard typical con¬ 
glomerate are to bo seen in many places near the western 
boundary and even at some miles distance from it, e. g„ 
at TJrriur in the extreme north-west corner of the patch, also nearly all along 
the left side of the VoIIot alluvium valley close down to Arrantangy, and to tho 
north and north-west of Alangudi (Aulangoody). 
The Shenkarai patch contains, as already mentioned above (p. 150), an exten¬ 
sive and massive development of . conglomerate in the 
eastern slope of the Shenkarai ridge and the plain east of 
it. This great development of conglomerate is continued under the alluvium of 
the Pambi-ar and re-appears in the Shahkotai j)atch and 
is specially well seen at Kilanellikotai (Keelnellicottah), 
where the walls of the extensive old poligar fort are built of the massive laterite 
quarried close by. The conglomerate is also admirably seen on the bluff east of 
Neddengoody, which may be regarded as the continuation of the Shenkarai ridge 
south-westward. From this bluff which is crowned by a picturesque temple 
called the Padiktisa Ifadar Kovil, the ridge declines and is lost to the south¬ 
west in a high-lying plain of massive laterite extending without a break to Pala- 
toor (Pullatoor). The high ground between Shuragpidi (Shooragoody) and 
Karagudi (Caurgoody) is also covered by a vast sheet of laterite conglomerate, 
as are also the high ground to the west and south-west of Kdragudi near Yalen- 
gudi and Kutalur (Coothaloor). The conglomerate is mostly very richly ferru¬ 
ginous for a laterite, and there are abundant traces of a once existing active iron 
smelting industry. Large quantities of iron slag have been scattered about in 
many places where now no iron is made. 
In the Serruvayal patch of lateritic rocks highly ferruginous conglomerate 
covers a large space between Serruvayal and Kalel (Cullel), 
also near Paganeri (Pauganary). 
In the Sivaganga patch spreads of conglomerate of considerable extent are 
frequently met with, e. g., to the north-west of the town, 
Siva 5 ,anga patch. around Katarashenkotai, to the north-west of 
Kalliar Kovil, and in the northern coimer of the patch near Wukur and Tiruven- 
patti (Tirroovenputty). 
In the two patches noidh and south of Tripatur the dense and highly ferru¬ 
ginous form of the laterite conglomerate is less developed, 
and a coarse less ferruginous and less compact form, 
including very large quantities of gneissic shingle, prevails. 
The Nallur (Kulloor) patch like the westernmost part of the Tanjore patch 
consists of a more gritty and rather less compact form 
than jwevails over the spi’oads above enumerated. The 
Serruvayal patch. 
Tripatur patches. 
Nallur patch. 
rock is perhaps equally ferruginous, but owing to its gritty character shows a 
