174 
Records of the Geological Siwvei/ of India. 
[voL. XU. 
Joga KLurd, a strong course of Bijawar grey weathered limestone strikes to cross 
the lierhudda, which river here runs from north to south. The limestone course 
can he seen forming a reef across the bed of the Nerbudda, but not quite at right 
angles. The course is nearly north-east-by-east to south-west-by-west. 
Between Joga Khurd and Joga Kalan, cherty or jasper breccia is very com¬ 
mon, and almost seems to overlie the Bijawar limestone. From Joga Khurd it is 
about half a mile to the excavations known all through tlae country as the 
“Chandi Khadan” (silver mine).* 
The pits are in two parallel lines. The most northern line is apparently a 
continuous excavation of about half a mile in length on the Bijawar limestone 
band. The depth and width vary greatly, and the direction runs pretty straight. 
These open excavations end about 250 yards from the banks of the Nerbudda ; 
the lino, I think, generally showed some elevation as compared with the ground 
on either side. The depth may be generally about 25 feet, and the breadth 15 
feet. About 250 yards south of this line of excavation is the second line of 
excavations; these arc generally much naiTOwer and mirch deeper, much more 
like evidences of sinking on a lode. Here generally there was a determined dip 
of about 80° to the north, the strike being as described where tlic limestone reefs 
cross the Kerbudda. Wlicre the limestone ridge comes to the surface, the 
weathered appearance of the rock is remarkably wild and weird. The excava¬ 
tions are not all in one line or continuous. Apparently parallel and intersecting 
lodes or leaders have been followed. 
The length of these excavations was less than that of the northern run. In 
some places from ten to twelve feet in width appear to have been dug out, but 
generally six feet would be the average. In some parts a considerable depth, 
about 40 feet, was attained; only in one pit is water found. This has a depth of 
8 feet in a small pit or pocket at the extremity of the excavation, Avhich elsewhere 
was about 30 feet deep. From this I took most of my specimens. 
Although at the surface the rock is very contorted, and shows some sign of 
concentric formation and numerous silicious bands like homstone, we soon get 
down into fairly settled ground. But at the bottom I saw a tendency to poc. 
kets, there being round holes or nests picked out by the old miners. From the 
depth where I was working, I could see nothing else to lead me to think that the 
lode went no deeper; but I had not the opportunity of testing this. From the 
specimens procured it will be seen that the limestone, through which probably a 
strong lode ran, is interspersed with mineral. This shows most frequently in the 
1 Tbe repntiition of the old pits at Joga as silver mines is certainly of no very recent invention. 
In March 1855 my attention was drawn to them hy Captain Nemhhard, then Assistant Commis¬ 
sioner at Hosliauguhad. 1 found the mines just as doserihed hy Mr. Nicholls (there were then no 
majis of the ground); the deposit seemed to be so thoroughly worked oirt that I had some difficiUty, 
with only a hammer, to make out wdiat the ore was. A very much richer ore than any now visible 
was no doubt found in the old excavations, and it is quite possible that similar bunches may still 
lie to the deep of tbe old workings. The Karnpura iron ore, which is probably that referred to 
by Mr. Nicholls, occurs as a vein in the llijawar jasper-breccia. It is a rich red-hasmatite, 
though in places much mixed up with the jasper rock. 
H. B. Medlicoit. 
