PART 3.] Nicholls: Joga iielylihourhooil and old inmas on the Nerludda. 175 
lines of jointing. It would look as if occasionally I kave got fragments of leaders 
or strings belonging to a large lode. I saw no marks of blasting, or of tke use of 
crowbars. 
Tbe country around is all forest, and the soil very poor. The Mowassi 
Kurku is almost the only inhabitant. He is superstitious and would never have 
been able to execute the mining work to be seen at Joga. This was probably 
done bv the Pathans, who held the fortress at Joga Kalan, a building supposed 
to be of the time of Alamgir. Many other reasons besides exhaustion may have 
led to the abandonment of these works : for instance, inability to control the 
water in the lower levels, want of acquaintance with machinery for raising the 
ore with tools, and methods of blasting for breaking down the rock, or the fall 
of the Mogul power at Handia, and the succession of the Mowassi and Pindhari 
robber hordes. One cobra put to flight five workmen of mine. They considered 
him to be the guardian of the treasures. In prospecting both this year and last, 
I had to use my rifle. 
Possibly it might be worth while to spend a little money in trying to 
expose the lode or in driving cross-cuts. Water power is probably available for 
stamping. 
NOTE. 
The samples from the Joga mines, sent by Mr. Nicholls to the Geological Survey Office, were 
as follows :— 
No. 1.— Dug by Mr. Nicholls from the remnant of the gangul, or pocket, near the bottom of the 
‘ water pit’—gray dolomitio limestone, containing a few cherty layers : galena is very sparsely 
dissemminated through both limestone and chert, and in one or two specimens, specks of copper 
pyrites were observed. 
No. 2.—Dug out from side of the excavation of the ‘ cobra pit’—specimens similar to No. 1. 
No. 3.—Casing of a pocket in the ‘ water pit’, dug out by Mr. Nicholls—ferrugiuous, man- 
ganifei’ous, dolomitic llme. 9 tone with cherty bands ; galena and copper pyrites dissemminated as 
in No. 1. 
No. 4.— From debris at surface of ‘panther pit,’—gray dolomitic limestone with specks of 
galena. 
No 6.—Casing from ‘water pit,’ dug out by Mr. Nicholls—ferruginous, manganiferous, 
dolomitic limestone. 
No. 6.—From debris of ‘ water pit’ and ‘ hymna pit’—same as No. 5, Some pieces are 
sufficiently ferruginous to be called spathic iron. Contains a few specks of galena. 
Besides the above, a quantity, perhaps half a cwt., of stone was sent, taken from the debris of 
several workings. It was similar to the sample No. 1. 
None of the above described samples showed any signs of the existence of a lode. The galena 
is very scantily dissemminated through the limestone and chert themselves. The percentage of 
ore to gangue is extremely small, so much so that it was necessary to pulverize and wash several 
pounds of stone to obtain sufficient galena for an assay. The specimens sent are themselves 
useless as an ore, although of course indicating the possibility of galena occurring in larger 
quantity. As they were mostly taken from the mere debris of the mines, they cannot be regarded 
as fair samples of wdiat the average ore formerly extracted was. To really tost the value of the 
mines, it would he necessary to excavate sufficiently deep to penetrate beneath the old workings. 
The lead extracted fi’om the giileua was found to contain 21 ounces of silver to the ton; a very 
fair proportion, but cei'tainl.y not one which would entitle the mines to the name of ‘silver 
mines,’ rather than lead mines. 
F. K. Mallet. 
