PART 1.] 
Kiny : Geology of the Upper Godavari basin. 
23 
that tlie clays lap over and round brown sandstones and pebble beds (striking 
north-west to south-east) of unmistakable Kamthi type with ferruginous warts 
and fungoid segregations. Mr. Hughes’ boundary does not run down as far as 
Isnai, but my having caT’ried it so far is an important point as fetching the 
lower Gondwana boundary down more to the westward of Anaram with a less 
easy curve round the Kamthis of Linganapeta. 
Along their eastern edge, the red clays suddenly become less persistent, and 
are succeeded by variegated sandstones with intercalated clay seams, and then 
by a thick series of thick-bedded sandstones which is perhaps most clearly deve¬ 
loped in the fine cliffs, of 60 to 80 feet high, south [of Gungapur, and this set 
of beds may be followed toAvards hTaogaon, or south-eastwards past Akalapali, 
Kesapnr, Sai’dapui', Bamena, and Kondampeta. The red clays undoubtedly now 
cease to be the feature, though thinner and thinner seams show as these Gunga¬ 
pur sandstones are followed up; but at the top of them and immediately under 
the limestones of Itial is a red clay band, next a thin band of limestone, then 
red clays again, and then the thick zone of limestones. The difficulty is— 
considering that we have never found any of the Maleri reptilian and fish 
remains in situ —^to say from which bed these Avere derived. The calcareous, 
or rubbly calcareous sandstone, or CA^en coarse AA’hite grit, usually attached 
to the specimens, would imply that they come from the bands of these rocks in 
the red clays, and that is at a horizon entirely loAver than the Gungapur sand¬ 
stones : I am also strongly inclined to consider that this is really the case. 
From Venkatapur southwards, the Gungapur sandstones, or Avhat 1 take 
to be the representatives of them, show aboAm the middle the strong calcareous 
grit, simulating limestone, already referred to, and I think this seam may be 
traced doAvn as far as Kondampeta at least; indeed it appeared to me that it 
runs down even as far south as the parallel of Isnai. West-south-west of 
Venkatapur, toAvards Kaogaon, &o., I did not find the one calcareous band of 
grits so clear; there appeared to bo more than one band. 
The Gungapur sandstones pass along by Naogaon, forming one group M'ith 
the thick bedded rocks of Aksapur, and I think, those of Chirakiint, Belgaon, 
and Balanpur, from all of AAffiich Hughes obtained the fossils enumerated in 
his paper. 
Hughes says {1. c., p. 28) of these fossils and the localities— 
“ In the neighbourhood of Idlara there are the unmistakable red clays with 
lenticular layers of greyish green granxilar argillaceous sandstones, and sand¬ 
stones Avith clay galls, of the Kota-Maleri group. Thence to the south as far as 
the range of hills capped by trap, there is no interruption to the series ; and 
at a short distance up the north face of the range and about a mile and a half 
of Chirakunt, soft, pale yellow, fossiliferous shales occur that yielded the few 
species of ferns, cycads, and conifers, &c.” “The same plant (Pahssya cmiferta) 
Avas discoA''ered in 1872 by Mr. Fedden between M6har and Balanpur, west of 
Jangaon, in sandstones Avhich I have included as Kota-Malcris.” The shales 
and sandstones near Naogaon (in which I last year discovered Falissya jahalpur- 
ensis and Araucarites kachensis") are also components of the group. They may 
be higher in the series than the Mohar Balanpur beds, their plant forms sug- 
