Paet l.j Lydekhif. Geology of Laddk and NeighhouringBisiricis. 
27 
divisions or correlations of the rock-groups, and which also renders the inter, 
pretations of their age open to a certain amount of doubt. 
In mentioning the names of places in Ladak, I have generally made use of 
the Tibetan name “La” for a pass and “ Tso” for a lake; thus, “ Kangi La” 
for “Kangi Pass,” and “Tso Moriri” for Moriri Lake. This avoids such 
barbarous repetitions as Kangi Ld Pass and Tso Moriri Lake, which one some¬ 
times meets with. 
With regard to the propriety of applying the names of the European rock 
series to the rocks of the Himalaya, in cases where no fossil evidence is available, it 
appears to me that, since we have in the Himalaya some of the rock-groujjs clearly 
indicated as being the homotaxial equivalents of European rocks-groups, it is 
simpler to apply provisionally to the rocks underlying and overlying such known 
horizons, the same names as are applied to the similarly placed rocks of Europe. 
I wish, howevei’, at the same time, as I have observed elsewhere, to impress on 
the reader most distinctly that I do not for one moment consider that any of 
the Himalayan rocks are exactly equivalent, either in thickness or in time of 
deposition, with the correlated Europiean rocks; but that I merely indicate 
that the rock sequence in the two regions generally follows the same order. It 
would be equally easy for me to invent new terms for each and every Himalayan 
rock-group; but it appears to me that when my meaning can bo equally well 
conveyed by the use (in a wide sense) of well-known and well established terms, 
that it is far preferable to employ such terms than to add to the list of new and 
little-known ones, which already cumber the paths of science to such an appal¬ 
ling extent. 
I.— Oldee Pala:ozoics of Deas and Ladak. 
In my last published paper on Himalayan Geology,^ I have stated that the 
jaspideous, trappoid and slaty rocks occurring in the neighbourhood of Dras, 
are found, if traced to the westward into the valley of the Kishenganga, to 
underlie the limestones of the Carbo-Triassic series, and also to correspond in 
mineralogical composition to the rocks of the Pir Panjal. It may, thei’efore, 
be assumed that both the Dras and Pir Panial rocks are of prc-carboniferous 
age, and that they in all probability roughly aj)proximatc to the Silurian.^ 
Taking now the Dras Silurian I’ocks as our starting point, and proceeding in 
a north-easterly direction along the Ladak road, we shall find that these same 
* Etc. Qeol. Surv. Iiidiii, Vol. XII, p. 20. 
2 This conclusion will bo confirmed in the sequel. Dr. Stoliezka (Geology of 2nd Yarkand 
Mission, p. 12) compares these Drds rocks to the trappoid rocks of Srinagar, and considers them as 
certainly the same; from page 16 of the same work wo learn that Stoliezka considered the Srinagar 
rocks, like similar rocks in Chang-Chenmo, as Silurian. In a former paper (.Mem. Geol. Surv., 
India, Vol. V, p. 349), he considered part of the liras rocks as Carboniferous. 
In the first of these two papers, Stoliezka appears to have considered that the slaty rocks of 
Dras underlay the Trias dolomites of the Dras river and Mataian, while in his last notes he 
appears to have considered (as I do) the junction a faulted one ; this would account for the two 
ages assigned to the Dras slaty rocks. In classing them all as Silurian, Dr. Stoliezka’s last 
conclusions agree with my own. In these last notes he also considers the Trias nearest the Dras 
slates as the newer (Para), whereas in the first paper he classed it as the older (Lilang). 
