34 
Records of the Geological Survey of India, 
[vOL. XIII. 
This completes the description of the older palaeozoic rocks of the Dras district, 
and of the northern bank of the upper Indus, as far as I am at present acquainted 
with them. A further discussion as to their precise geological age, and as to 
their relations with the palaeozoics of other regions of the Himalaya, will find a 
more suitable place in the concluding section of this paper. 
II.— Kocks north op Chang-Chenmo Rivee. 
In the previpus section of this paper, I have traced the Dras slaty series as 
far as the left bank of the Chang-Chenmo riyer, where it is separated, by what 
seems undoubtedly to be a faulted line, fi’om a totally distinct series of rocks 
which forms the low clifis on the opposite bank ; the two series of rocks occur 
on a broken anticlinal axis. 
The rocks on the right bank of the river are to a great extent composed of 
the characteristic white Triassic dolomitic limestone so frequently referred to in 
my former jiapers : a short distance north of the river, these rocks are traversed 
by a synclinal axis. The higher beds exposed in this synclinal are hard and 
crystalline, while the lower beds consist mainly of a soft white dolomite like that 
of Amrnath cave in the Lidar valley of Kashmir; some soft reddish shales and 
a brecciated rod conglomerate occur locally in the lower beds. Megalodon is of 
common occurrence in these limestones, and Dr. Stoliczka also obtained from 
them Dicerocardimn there can, therefore, be no doubt as to their age. 
To the northward these Triassic dolomites are underlaid by carbonaceous 
shales, not unfrequently containing crinoids and, according to Dr. Stoliczka- 
fucoids, and then again by dark slaty shales, sandstones, and occasional lime, 
stones, forming a somewhat folded series. Still further north, these rocks are 
underlaid by an anticlinal of i-ocks which seem to be the Silurian Dras series, 
which, according to Dr. Stoliczka, are again succeeded further north by Carboni¬ 
ferous and Triassic rocks, the latter probably forming the greater jiart of the 
dreary plains of Depsang, to the north of my map. 
From the relations of the crinoidal shale and sandstone series to the Trias 
dolomite, I consider that the former rocks must undoubtedly be considered as of 
Carboniferous age—an opinion also hold by Dr. Stoliczka who noticed their 
resemblance to the rocks belonging to that period in Spiti. 
In the Chang-Chenmo valley the notes of Dr. Stoliczka- make mention of 
some sandstones and conglomerates which he doubtfully considers as the repre¬ 
sentative of the Ladak Eocenes. These rocks are also much mixed with .shales, 
and when I first entered the Chang-Chenmo valley, I was at once struck with 
their resemblance to the Tortiaries; the sections are a good deal obscured by debris, 
but I found a portion of a conglomerate, which is strikingly like the Tertiary 
conglomerate of Miru (described briow), distinctly underlying the Trias dolomite; 
and I think that these doubtful rocks belong to the Carboniferous seiies, the 
strong resemblance of which to the Tertiaries elsewhere will be noticed in the 
sequel. There are certainly no Eocene rocks on the Pangong lake, such as are 
' Geology of Second Yarkand Expedition, p, 17. 
= Ibid., pp. 17-18. 
