PART 1.] Lj/ilekher \ Geologi/of Laddk and Neighlouring Bidricts. 47 
appear to me to be certainly the same as the slate series of Kashmir, Tilel, Dras, 
the Pangong Lake, and Chfing-Chenmo. 
From the Fotu-La the Carboniferous band extends in a south-easterly direction, 
its northern boundary rnnning through Wanla, and thence slightly north of the 
road across the Choki-La to the Zanskar river, where L shall take it up subse¬ 
quently. The southern boundary runs near the village of Panjila, and thence in 
a south-easterly direction : near the village of Urchi there is a small synclinal in 
the lower shale-series, occupied by a patch of the bright-colored Triassic slates 
and limestones. Near Wanla a large proportion of blue limestone occurs in the 
lower Carboniferous shales, which is not unfrequently crowded wdth Enorinites. 
Iron also occurs in these rocks, and is worked in small quantities. To the south¬ 
east of Wanla, the Carbonifor’ous strata consist of black flaggy slates, which, 
however, weather to the usual light-brown color, by which character they are 
readily distinguished from the older Lama-Yuru slates, which always weather 
black. 
Close to Wanla there occurs a wide dyke of the Tertiary trap running in 
among the Palaeozoics, which requires a moment’s notice. On the south side of 
this dyke, between it and the Carboniferous shales, there occurs a considerable 
thickness of coarse vertical conglomerate, a good deal altered by the trap, and con¬ 
taining pebbles of the Trias limestone, and of the crystalline trap, already noticed 
as forming peaks Nos. D. 24 and 25. I cannot say whether or no this con¬ 
glomerate corresponds to the higher Tertiary conglomerate near Gi'a ; but since 
it has been jammed in between the traj) and the Pala30zoic8 in vertical beds, 
it affords the important piece of evidence that it is older than the trap, and that 
consequently the crystalline trap within the Triassic area is older than, and was 
denuded at the time of, the formation of the basaltic trap of the Indus. 
A section through the secondary rock-series from the village of Panjila, south 
of Lama-Turu, to Yelchang bridge, on the Zanskar river, gives the following 
series of rocks. Leaving the shaly Carboniferous rocks near Panjila, we find the 
overlying Trias at first consisting of hard purple and green slates, which are 
nearly vertical, mixed with some calcareous and limestone bands: these are 
succeeded by softer and brighter-colored slates, like those of Kangi; while 
shortly below the village of Haniipatta (Hunupatta), we come upon blue lime¬ 
stones with a lower southerly dip. From Hanupatta to the Sirsa La there is a 
succession of blue limestones and white dolomites, with a few slates, which form 
a rolling synclinal, the underlying poikilitic slates again appearing beneath the 
limestones at the pass itself. 
These limestones and dolomites appear to me to be the Para limestones, and 
they contain sections of fossils which appear to be those of Dicerocardium hima- 
lagense, characteristic of this band. This being so, the underlying slaty rocks 
must be the Lilang series, the limestones of Shargol being represented by 
these slates; this section confirms the Triassic age of the rocks in the Kangi 
section. 
From the Sirsa La to the village of Phatoksir and thence across the Shingi 
