52 Tierords of the Geologival Suvvetf of hulia. [voi,. xiit. 
is iindevlaid to the north-east, as noticed above, by the Carboniferous series, which 
again overlies the metamorphio Sihn’ians of Enpsn. 
In the map accompanying this paper the whole of the great limestone series 
above the Carboniferous, from the Lilang to the lower Tagling limestone, is 
colored of one tint, and may be called the Trias-Jura. Owing to the variations in 
the mineralogical characters of these rocks, to the general absence of fossils, to the 
enormous contortions which the rooks have undergone, and lastly, but not leastly, 
owing to the difficult nature of the gi-ound, and the short time that one can 
spend in these inhospitable regions, it would be quite impossible to map the 
different outcrojjs of each of the separate groups. Near Lingti the rocks, which 
I consider as the Carboniferous, arc underlaid by a great thickness of hard dark 
slates, quartzites, sandstones, jaspideous rocks, and the slaty-sandy trappoid 
rock of the Dras river. These rocks which may be traced across the Baralacha 
pass into Lahiil, I have also traced to the north-west into the Silurians of Padam 
and Zangla which rest upon the gneiss of the Zanskar range, and continue 
thence to join the slaty rocks of Dras, to the south-east these rocks are con¬ 
tinuous with the fossiliferous Silurians of the Bhnbeh pass and Muth. 
Speaking of thegi’eat slate series at Lingti, Dr. Stoliezka observes', “Any one 
acquainted with the rocks of the Muth series in the Pin valley would find all 
these represented here,” and speaks of the lo'wor beds as corresponding with 
his Bhabeh group (lower Silurian). 
Xear Lingti the rocks are veiy horizontal, and the summits of the ranges are 
capped by shales, blue limestones, and white and purple quartzites and sandstones. 
Some of these limestones and sandstones seem to me to be probably of Carboni¬ 
ferous age, as they correspond to similar rocks at Pangong, and also to rock 
specimens in the Indian Museum from the Carboniferous series near Muth: the 
lower beds are probably, however, upper Silurian, since Dr. Stoliezka found 
a fragment of an Ortlis in similar rocks to the west of the Baralilcha (Baralatse) 
pass. The upper Silurians and Carboniferous (Miith and Kuling) in thhi district 
and Spiti (as I judge from rock-specimens in the Indian Museum collected by 
Dr. Stoliezka) seem frequently to be very similar in mineral composition, and it 
requires a full series of fossils to separate them distinctly. The blue patches on 
the map in this district must be considered as only approximately of Carboniferous 
age, they mainly serve to indicate the distribution of the light-colored quartzites 
and shales on the top of the older slates. 
On the Bhnga river, some miles below the village of Darcha,^ the Silurian slate 
series is underfaid conformably by distinctly stratified granitoid gneiss ^ which 
Dr. Stoliezka recognised as his so-called “central gneiss,” and which, he says, 
underlies undoubted Silurians. 
This gneiss forms the southern limit of the Ladak and Zanskar basin, but 
may be treated of here. To the north-west this gneiss is continuous, with the 
great mass of gneiss of the Zanskar range and Suru, which I described in a 
* Mom. Geol. Surv'. of India, Vol. V, p. 34-1. 
- For this orea see my map puhlislied in the eleventh volume of the Records, p. 85. 
* lu a previous paper (Rec. Oeol. Surv. India, Vol. XI, p. 55) lullowing Dr. Stoliezka, t is 
gneiss was stated to occur at Darcha itself. 
