PAKT 1.] L^JeJcker : Geology of Lailakand Xeighbouriny Di-dncls. 
53 
former paper,' but which I could not then certainly determine to be the 
“ central ” gneiss according to Stoliezka’s identification, this gneiss may now be 
considered as of pre-Silurian age, and in this district as having been altered out 
of an older and conformable slate-series, unless some hidden unconformity should 
exist. 
The rocks on the southern flanks of this gneiss ridge will be treated of in the 
next section, and their general relations in the last section. 
lY.—R ocks of South Lahul axd Kulu. 
To the south of the gneiss ridge of Lahul, we find an ascending series of slates, 
with a general south-westerly dip. Kear the junction of the Chandra and Bhaga 
rivers, we find blue limestones, with carbonaceous shales, and a few pale sand¬ 
stones, capping the slates in the angle between the two rivers. To the south a 
larcre mass of the same limestone and other rocks overlies the slates with a south- 
erly dip, and appears to be itself again overlaid by the same slates. The lime¬ 
stones, on a more careful examination, are, however, seen to be folded back on 
themselves, and it appears probable that they form a synclinal, the slates on the 
southern side of the synclinal having been bent over and inverted on the lime¬ 
stones : from their physical characters there can be no doubt but that these 
limestones are the same as the limestones of Xorth Lahul,' which are probably 
partly upper Silurian and partly Carboniferous. 
The Silurian slates of the Bhaga and Chandra rivers I have previously 
traced® into Pangi to the north-west, and for some distance to the south-east. 
Xear the village of Kokser on the Chandra there occurs, at the ba.se of an anti¬ 
clinal in the slate series, some very massive gneiss, which, I think, is in all prob¬ 
ability the same as the central gneiss of Xorth Lahul. This gneiss is overlaid by 
alternations of gneiss, micaceous rocks and slates, most of which appear to pass 
directly into the slates underlying the higher Hmestone, and which would, there¬ 
fore, seem to be altered Silurians. These rocks continue across the Rotang pass 
anddowm the Beds valley nearly to the town of Xaggar. Some of the gneiss is 
verv massive, and in many cases seems to overlie the slate-series; this, however, 
may be due to inversion, and it seems to me probable that some of thi.s gneiss is 
“central” gnenss, while some has almost certainly been altered out of the overly¬ 
ing Siluidan slates. The series is, however, so involved that I was not able to 
mark out any bands as of a fixed position. 
To the south of Yaggar we have generally slates and .sandstones till we reach 
the infra-Krol and Krol groups of ilr. Medhcott near Bajoura, which have been 
already described by him,* and to which I shall, therefore, not refer on the present 
occasion. 
' Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. XI, p. 53. 
- In a former paper (Rec. Geol. Snrv. India, Vol. XI, p. 51) I thought from their apparently 
lying among the slates that these limestones formed part of the lower t'ilurian series. 
^ Hec. Geol. Surv. India, I ol. XI, p. 55. 
■'(“ilem. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. Ill, pt. 2, p. 57. 
